Materials Characterization Using Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Methods


Book Description

Materials Characterization Using Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Methods discusses NDT methods and how they are highly desirable for both long-term monitoring and short-term assessment of materials, providing crucial early warning that the fatigue life of a material has elapsed, thus helping to prevent service failures. Materials Characterization Using Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Methods gives an overview of established and new NDT techniques for the characterization of materials, with a focus on materials used in the automotive, aerospace, power plants, and infrastructure construction industries. Each chapter focuses on a different NDT technique and indicates the potential of the method by selected examples of applications. Methods covered include scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray microtomography and diffraction, ultrasonic, electromagnetic, microwave, and hybrid techniques. The authors review both the determination of microstructure properties, including phase content and grain size, and the determination of mechanical properties, such as hardness, toughness, yield strength, texture, and residual stress. - Gives an overview of established and new NDT techniques, including scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray microtomography and diffraction, ultrasonic, electromagnetic, microwave, and hybrid techniques - Reviews the determination of microstructural and mechanical properties - Focuses on materials used in the automotive, aerospace, power plants, and infrastructure construction industries - Serves as a highly desirable resource for both long-term monitoring and short-term assessment of materials




Ultrasonic and Advanced Methods for Nondestructive Testing and Material Characterization


Book Description

Ultrasonic methods have been very popular in nondestructive testing and characterization of materials. This book deals with both industrial ultrasound and medical ultrasound. The advantages of ultrasound include flexibility, low cost, in-line operation, and providing data in both signal and image formats for further analysis. The book devotes 11 chapters to ultrasonic methods. However, ultrasonic methods can be much less effective with some applications. So the book also has 14 chapters catering to other or advanced methods for nondestructive testing or material characterization. Topics like structural health monitoring, Terahertz methods, X-ray and thermography methods are presented. Besides different sensors for nondestructive testing, the book places much emphasis on signal/image processing and pattern recognition of the signals acquired.




Nondestructive Materials Characterization


Book Description

With an emphasis on aircraft materials, this book describes techniques for the material characterization to detect and quantify degradation processes such as corrosion and fatigue. It introduces readers to these techniques based on x-ray, ultrasonic, optical and thermal principles and demonstrates the potential of the techniques for a wide variety of applications concerning aircraft materials, especially aluminum and titanium alloys. The advantages and disadvantages of various techniques are evaluated.




Nondestructive Characterization of Materials


Book Description

Engineering structures for reliable function and safety have to be designed such that operational mechanical loads are compensated for by stresses in the components bearable by the materials used. Vhat is "bearable"? First of all it depends on the properties of the chosen materials as well as on several other parameters, e.g. temperature, corrosivity of the environment, elapsed or remaining serviceable life, unexpected deterioration of materials, whatever the source and nature of such deterioration may be: defects, loss of strength, embrittlement, wastage, etc. DEFECTS and PROPERTIES of materials currently determine loadability. Therefore in addition to nondestructive testing for defects there is also a need for nondestructive testing of properties. The third type of information to be supplied by nondestructive measurement pertains to STRESS STATES under OPERATIONAL LOADS, i.e. LOAD-INDUCED plus RESIDUAL STRESSES. Residual stresses normally cannot be calculated; they have to be measured nondestructively; well-approved elastomechanical finite element codes are available and used for calculating load-induced stresses; for redundancy and reliability, engineers, however, need procedures and instrumentation for experimental checks.




Nondestructive Testing of Materials and Structures


Book Description

Condition assessment and characterization of materials and structures by means of nondestructive testing (NDT) methods is a priority need around the world to meet the challenges associated with the durability, maintenance, rehabilitation, retrofitting, renewal and health monitoring of new and existing infrastructures including historic monuments. Numerous NDT methods that make use of certain components of the electromagnetic and acoustic spectrum are currently in use to this effect with various levels of success and there is an intensive worldwide research effort aimed at improving the existing methods and developing new ones. The knowledge and information compiled in this book captures the current state of the art in NDT methods and their application to civil and other engineering materials and structures. Critical reviews and advanced interdisciplinary discussions by world-renowned researchers point to the capabilities and limitations of the currently used NDT methods and shed light on current and future research directions to overcome the challenges in their development and practical use. In this respect, the contents of this book will equally benefit practicing engineers and researchers who take part in characterization, assessment and health monitoring of materials and structures.




Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials by Infrared Thermography


Book Description

With national trade barriers falling, causing the expansion of the com petitive global market, the question of quality control has become an essential issue for the 1990s. The time where the promise was to replace a product if it does not work seems to have passed; what is more impor tant now is not so much a reduction in what is going wrong but an increase of what is going right the first time (Feigenbaum 1990). This new trend is sometimes referred to as total quality. Among the many advantages ofthis zero-defect manufacturing policy, we can enumerate (Laurin 1990): superior marketability of wholly de pendable products, enormous gain in productivity, elimination of waste ful cost in replacing poor quality work and retrofitting rejected products from the field. Although total quality is a relatively new and attractive concept for mass products such as cars, consumer electronics and per sonal computers, in many fields, mainly aerospace and military, it has been the rule for years because of security reasons.




Nondestructive Characterization and Imaging of Wood


Book Description

This book on the Nondestructive Characterization and Imaging of Wood by Professor Voichita Bucur is truly the most outstanding reference on the subject ever written. Since the origins of mankind, wood has played a key role in the history of humans and other living creatures, ranging from provision of life from trees giving air, heat, light, and food to nourish their bodies to structures to protect them from the elements. Wood has also played a key role in one of the world's primary religions. Nondestructive diagnostics methods have long found application in medi cal practice for examination of the human body in order to detect life threatening abnormalities and permit diagnosis to extend life. Nondestructive testing has been used for many years to insure the safety of machinery, air craft, railroads, tunnels, buildings and many other structures. Therefore, it is timely for a treatise, like the present one, to be written describing how wood can be characterized without employing destructive test methods. Since wood is so valuable to mankind, it is important to know the latest methods to nondestructively characterize wood for all practical applications.




Electromagnetic Non-Destructive Evaluation (XXIII)


Book Description

Electromagnetic Non-destructive Evaluation (ENDE) is an invaluable, non-invasive diagnostic tool for the inspection, testing, evaluation and characterization of materials and structures. It has now become indispensible in a number of diverse fields ranging from biomedics to many branches of industry and engineering. This book presents the proceedings of the 24th International Workshop on Electromagnetic Nondestructive Evaluation, held in Chengdu, China from 11 - 14 September 2019. The 38 peer-reviewed and extended contributions included here were selected from 45 original submissions, and are divided into 7 sections: eddy current testing and evaluation; advanced sensors; analytical and numerical modeling; material characterization; inverse problem and signal processing; artificial intelligence in ENDE; and industrial applications of ENDE. The papers cover recent studies concerning the progress and application of electromagnetic (EM) fields in the non-destructive examination of materials and structures, and topics covered include evaluations at a micro-structural level, such as correlating the magnetic properties of a material with its grain structure, and a macroscopic level, such as techniques and applications for EM NDT&E. Recent developments and emerging materials such as advanced EM sensors, multi-physics NDT&E, intelligent data management and maintaining the integrity of structures are also explored. The book provides a current overview of developments in ENDE, and will be of interest to all those working in the field.




Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing of Materials


Book Description

This book features a comprehensive discussion of the mathematical foundations of ultrasonic nondestructive testing of materials. The authors include a brief description of the theory of acoustic and electromagnetic fields to underline the similarities and differences with respect to elastodynamics. They also cover vector, elastic plane, and Rayleigh surface waves as well as ultrasonic beams, inverse scattering, and ultrasonic nondestructive imaging. A coordinate-free notation system is used that is easier to understand and navigate than standard index notation.




Non-destructive Micro Analysis of Cultural Heritage Materials


Book Description

This book provides the scientific and technical background materials of non-destructive methods of microscopic analysis that are suitable for analysing works of art, museum pieces and archeaological artefacts. Written by experts in the field, this multi-author volume contains a number of case studies, illustrating the value of these methods. The book is suited to natural scientists and analysts looking to increase their knowledge of the various methods that are currently available for non-destructive analysis. It is also the perfect resource for museum curators, archaeologists and art-historians seeking to identify one or more suitable methods of analysis that could solve material-related problems.