Nutrition A Comprehensive Treatise: Macronutrients and Nutrient Elements


Book Description

Nutrition, Volume 1: Micronutrients and Nutrient Elements discusses the metabolism, requirements, and manifestations of deficiency of the individual nutrients. This book explains the factors affecting food choice in humans and discusses as well the patterns of food use in many areas of the world. Organized into nine chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the various factors involved in determining the food intake behavior of humans. This text then explores the classification, composition, and dietary role of carbohydrates and fats in human nutrition. Other chapters consider the structure, metabolism, and synthesis of proteins and essential amino acids. This book discusses as well the role of food in providing the energy requirement of the human body and explores underlying causes of the various nutrient deficiencies. The final chapter examines the relationship between magnesium metabolism and the function of the thyroid gland. This book is a valuable resource for nutritional biochemists, nutritionists, teachers, graduate students, and research workers.




Nutrition


Book Description




Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium


Book Description

As essential nutrients, sodium and potassium contribute to the fundamentals of physiology and pathology of human health and disease. In clinical settings, these are two important blood electrolytes, are frequently measured and influence care decisions. Yet, blood electrolyte concentrations are usually not influenced by dietary intake, as kidney and hormone systems carefully regulate blood values. Over the years, increasing evidence suggests that sodium and potassium intake patterns of children and adults influence long-term population health mostly through complex relationships among dietary intake, blood pressure and cardiovascular health. The public health importance of understanding these relationships, based upon the best available evidence and establishing recommendations to support the development of population clinical practice guidelines and medical care of patients is clear. This report reviews evidence on the relationship between sodium and potassium intakes and indicators of adequacy, toxicity, and chronic disease. It updates the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) using an expanded DRI model that includes consideration of chronic disease endpoints, and outlines research gaps to address the uncertainties identified in the process of deriving the reference values and evaluating public health implications.




The Everything Guide to Macronutrients


Book Description

Learn about the basics of macronutrients—carbohydrates, fats, and protein—how to count them, and how to successfully lose weight in this new guide! Are you trying to diet but still get tempted by a slice of pizza or a juicy burger, knowing you won’t be able to say no? By following a macronutrients plan, you can have your favorite foods without ruining your diet. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are three of the most important nutrients found in food. With this guide, you will learn the importance of these essential elements and how to control them to be the healthiest you can be—and still eat what you want! The Everything Guide to Macronutrients will teach you how to count macronutrients, giving you a more flexible and less stressful form of dieting. You’ll learn how to incorporate your macros into your meals, allowing you to focus more on the essential nutrients and foster healthy eating. With more than 150 recipes and a two-week meal plan to get you started, this book is a comprehensive yet approachable resource that gives you all the tools necessary to help you lose weight more effectively—and keep it off.




Advanced Nutrition


Book Description

The explosion of knowledge about satiety and hunger has given new meaning to our understanding of the genetics of obesity. New interest in gene expression as related to nutrition and advances in the field of macronutrients has made the latest nutrition research intriguing. Advanced Nutrition: Macronutrients adopts an integrated approach to the understanding of macronutrient nutrition. It provides scientific foundations of the current findings on energy balance, protein need, gene expression, and carbohydrate and lipid use, and maintains emphasis on the biochemical and physiological basis for nutrient need.




Neural and Metabolic Control of Macronutrient Intake


Book Description

When an excessive proportion of the human energy requirement is derived from fat, the likelihood of obesity increases. Any such individual is at risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease- grave and costly health hazards. The selective control of fat ingestion is a promising solution to these concerns. Existing data suggests that macronutrient intake can be manipulated. Further research is working to create pharmacological tools that will suppress fat consumption. It will also be possible to fight obesity, heart disease and diabetes. Neural and Metabolic Control of Macronutrient Intake systematically discusses the known physiological mechanisms involved in macronutrientselection, including their molecular, genetic and neurochemical aspects. The book is also a critical review of the hypothesis that ingestion of the three nutrients is regulated by separate neural control mechanisms, leaving open the possibility that strategies could be devised to intervene in bodily control systems and alter the proportion of fat in the diet. This reference provides three types of information: First, the basic background of the biochemical and physiological systems as they relate to macronutrient selection. Second, opinions and data concerning to what degree animals and humans show evidence of macronutrient selection. And, third, evidence about how the central nervous system might be involved in the choices animals make among macronutrients.




Providing Healthy and Safe Foods As We Age


Book Description

Does a longer life mean a healthier life? The number of adults over 65 in the United States is growing, but many may not be aware that they are at greater risk from foodborne diseases and their nutritional needs change as they age. The IOM's Food Forum held a workshop October 29-30, 2009, to discuss food safety and nutrition concerns for older adults.




Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals,


Book Description

In the years since the third edition of this indispensable reference was published, a great deal has been learned about the nutritional requirements of common laboratory species: rat, mouse, guinea pig, hamster, gerbil, and vole. The Fourth Revised Edition presents the current expert understanding of the lipid, carbohydrate, protein, mineral, vitamin, and other nutritional needs of these animals. The extensive use of tables provides easy access to a wealth of comprehensive data and resource information. The volume also provides an expanded background discussion of general dietary considerations. In addition to a more user-friendly organization, new features in this edition include: A significantly expanded section on dietary requirements for rats, reporting substantial new findings. A new section on nutrients that are not required but that may produce beneficial results. New information on growth and reproductive performance among the most commonly used strains of rats and mice and on several hamster species. An expanded discussion of diet formulation and preparationâ€"including sample diets of both purified and natural ingredients. New information on mineral deficiency and toxicity, including warning signs. This authoritative resource will be important to researchers, laboratory technicians, and manufacturers of laboratory animal feed.




Scientific Advances in Animal Nutrition


Book Description

The science of animal nutrition has made significant advances in the past century. In looking back at the discoveries of the 20th century, we can appreciate the tremendous impact that animal nutrition has had on our lives. From the discovery of vitamins and the sweeping shift in the use of oilseeds to replace animal products as dietary protein sources for animals during the war times of the 1900s-to our integral understanding of nutrients as regulators of gene expression today-animal nutrition has been the cornerstone for scientific advances in many areas. At the milestone of their 70th year of service to the nation, the National Research Council's (NRC) Committee on Animal Nutrition (CAN) sought to gain a better understanding of the magnitude of recent discoveries and directions in animal nutrition for the new century we are embarking upon. With financial support from the NRC, the committee was able to organize and host a symposium that featured scientists from many backgrounds who were asked to share their ideas about the potential of animal nutrition to address current problems and future challenges.




Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats


Book Description

Updating recommendations last made by the National Research Council in the mid-1980s, this report provides nutrient recommendations based on physical activity and stage in life, major factors that influence nutrient needs. It looks at how nutrients are metabolized in the bodies of dogs and cats, indications of nutrient deficiency, and diseases related to poor nutrition. The report provides a valuable resource for industry professionals formulating diets, scientists setting research agendas, government officials developing regulations for pet food labeling, and as a university textbook for dog and cat nutrition. It can also guide pet owners feeding decisions for their pets with information on specific nutrient needs, characteristics of different types of pet foods, and factors to consider when feeding cats and dogs.