Closely Held Corporations


Book Description










Representing Corporate Officers and Directors and LLC Managers [formerly Representing Corporate Officers, Directors, Managers, and Trustees], 3rd Edition


Book Description

Representing Corporate Officers and Directors and LLC Managers, Third Edition (formerly titled Representing Corporate Officers, Directors, Managers, and Trustees) is a guide to the practical aspects of corporate governance for attorneys, corporate officers and directors, LLC managers, and trustees. Following the repercussions of past corporate and accounting scandals, new legislation, rules, and standards by governmental bodies and society have greatly increased the focus on the responsibilities and liabilities of directors, officers, managers, and trustees. Increased SEC oversight, new NYSE and NASDAQ listing standards, new cybersecurity compliance guidance, new fiduciary and other duties, and new criminal penalties have all changed the landscape for those who control corporations. By logically laying out the steps to safe corporate governance, the analysis, cases, tables, and checklists guide the veteran and neophyte alike. Representing Corporate Officers and Directors and LLC Managers tells you what to look for...what to look out for...and what steps to take to protect your corporate clients in today's harsh regulatory environment. It's the only up-to-date work of its kind to offer both in-depth analysis and practical guidance on key aspects of this critically important area. This updated Third Edition thoroughly covers: Directors' duties of care and loyalty-- including the different standards which have been imposed on directors regarding the duty of care...the duty of loyalty...the business judgment rule... when directors are entitled to rely on the advice of others...improperly influencing audits under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act... improper distributions...and more. Conflicts of interest--with examples of conflict of interest transactions, and discussion of loans to or by directors and officers...secret profits...and the duty to safeguard confidential or inside information-- plus, how certain transactions considered improper can be ratified and thus become legitimate. Federal securities laws--including everything from overviews of the laws, the SEC, and securities themselves-- to jurisdiction, pleading, remedies, and defenses in securities cases... criminal penalties...and attorneys' responsibilities regarding liability under Sarbanes-Oxley. Indemnification and insurance-- with discussion of mandatory and permissive indemnification and the scope of indemnification in various states... when a director may be indemnified even if not wholly successful in defense of an action...directors' and officers' liability insurance...types and extent of insurance coverage...tax law treatment...and exclusions. Tender offers--including antitakeover measures, two-tier and squeeze-out mergers, and golden parachute agreements, poison pill plans, and greenmail...potential liability in tender offers...and implementing mergers and acquisitions, with securities law, antitrust, tax, accounting, and labor law considerations.




Shareholder Protection in Close Corporations


Book Description

Close corporations, which are legal forms popular with small and medium enterprises, are crucial to every major economy's private sector. However, unlike their 'public' corporation counterparts, close corporation minority shareholders have limited exit options, and are structurally vulnerable in conflicts with majority or controlling shareholders. 'Withdrawal remedies'-legal mechanisms enabling aggrieved shareholders to exit companies with monetary claims-are potent minority shareholder protection mechanisms. This book critically examines the theory and operation of withdrawal remedies in four jurisdictions: the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan. Developing and applying a theoretical and comparative framework to the analysis of these jurisdictions' withdrawal remedies, this book proposes a model withdrawal remedy that is potentially applicable to any jurisdiction. With its international, functional, and comparative analysis of withdrawal remedies, it challenges preconceptions about shareholder remedies and offers a methodology for comparative corporate law in both scholarship and practice.




Cases and Materials on Corporations


Book Description

Renowned for its richness, depth, and authorship, Cases and Materials on Corporations offers broad coverage of both public and closely held corporations. A powerful introductory chapter sets out the defining characteristics of a corporation. A thematic framework frames corporate law in terms of the corporation’s responsibilities to its employees, its investors, and society. New to the Ninth Edition: The introductory Chapter recognizes that issues of race and systemic discrimination have dominated recent headlines and political discourse. This has re-focused attention on the long-standing debate between proponents of the dominant shareholders primacy model of corporate governance and proponents of a more stakeholder-oriented model. Without taking sides on this issue, this Chapter notes that this debate has continued throughout American legal history, and it focuses on recent efforts by some states and Nasdaq to require greater diversity (both in terms of race and gender) on corporate boards. Current data is provided. In addition, this Chapter adds a new section to introduce the “public benefit corporation,” a new corporate form that is a hybrid of a profit-making corporation and a not-for-profit entity now recognized by a majority of the states. New material on the emerging line of good faith cases in the context of director oversight where a corporation is subject to “mission critical” regulation. This new line of cases opens up potential avenues to assign monetary liability to directors for failure to manage corporate risks. New Supreme Court decisions (including Lorenzo and Omnicare) are assessed, and the continuing struggle to define insider trading is reviewed. The chapter on shareholder voting and proxy gives special attention to recent efforts by activist hedge funds to influence and constrain corporate management. The revised chapter on takeovers takes up the legal rules governing friendly and unfriendly acquisitions. The chapter tracks the unique experience of Delaware law over this period: an ongoing and openly—but respectful–disagreement between the Delaware Chancery Court and the Delaware Supreme Court about the allocation of authority between the board of directors and shareholders. The chapter also examines the new texture of the takeover market where activists play a central role. Professors and students will benefit from: Richness and depth: A range of thoroughly developed topics allows instructors to delve into topics with as much depth as they wish. The text is strong in material on both public and closely held corporations. Traditional casebook pedagogy: Text notes, statutory material, excerpted commentary, problems, questions, and edited cases. Strong introductory chapter: Sets out the defining characteristics of a corporation: limited liability, perpetual existence, free transferability, and centralized management. Thematic framework: Examines corporate law in the context of the corporation’s responsibilities to its own constituents and investors, as well as to society.




The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Law and Governance


Book Description

Corporate law and corporate governance have been at the forefront of regulatory activities across the world for several decades now, and are subject to increasing public attention following the Global Financial Crisis of 2008. The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Law and Governance provides the global framework necessary to understand the aims and methods of legal research in this field. Written by leading scholars from around the world, the Handbook contains a rich variety of chapters that provide a comparative and functional overview of corporate governance. It opens with the central theoretical approaches and methodologies in corporate law scholarship in Part I, before examining core substantive topics in corporate law, including shareholder rights, takeovers and restructuring, and minority rights in Part II. Part III focuses on new challenges in the field, including conflicts between Western and Asian corporate governance environments, the rise of foreign ownership, and emerging markets. Enforcement issues are covered in Part IV, and Part V takes a broader approach, examining those areas of law and finance that are interwoven with corporate governance, including insolvency, taxation, and securities law as well as financial regulation. The Handbook is a comprehensive, interdisciplinary resource placing corporate law and governance in its wider context, and is essential reading for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers in the field.







Michigan Corporation Law & Practice, Revised Edition


Book Description

Michigan Corporation Law & Practice is the authoritative research tool covering all aspects of Michigan corporate law and practice. It provides clear, reliable guidance to the laws, legislative history, and major case holdings. This complete guide provides a thorough background to the Michigan Business Corporation Act, including discussion of the process by which the corporate entity is created, governed, and ultimately terminated. The text also discusses the closely related Michigan Limited Liability Company Act. The 2021 revision of Michigan Corporation Law & Practice edits and updates the previous edition. Many sections are reorganized for clarity and accessibility. The text includes expanded coverage of limited liability companies. The revised edition reflects: Court decisions applying Michigan law to corporations and limited liability companies relating to: Shareholder oppression. Fiduciary duty. Derivative actions. Director duties. Interested director transactions. Valuation. Delaware developments relevant to Michigan law: Permitted charter and bylaw provisions. Fiduciary duties of directors. Fiduciary duties of limited liability company managers. Inspection of books and records. Appraisal rights. Internal affairs doctrine. Note: Online subscriptions are for three-month periods.