Organic Radical Polymers


Book Description

This book provides a detailed introduction to organic radical polymers and open-shell macromolecules. Functional macromolecules have led to marked increases in a wide range of technologies, and one of the fastest growing of these fields is that of organic electronic materials and devices. To date, synthetic and organic electronic device efforts have focused almost exclusively on closed-shell polymers despite the promise of open-shell macromolecules in myriad applications. This text represents the first comprehensive review of the design, synthesis, characterization, and device applications of open-shell polymers. In particular, it will summarize the impressive synthetic and device performance efforts that have been achieved with respect to energy storage, energy conversion, magnetic, and spintronic applications. By combining comprehensive reviews with a wealth of informative figures, the text provides the reader with a complete “molecules-to-modules” understanding of the state of the art in open-shell macromolecules. Moreover, the monograph highlights future directions for open-shell polymers in order to allow the reader to be part of the community that continues to build the field. In this way, the reader will gain a rapid understanding of the field and will have a clear pathway to utilize these materials in next-generation applications.




The Chemistry of Radical Polymerization


Book Description

This book commences with a general introduction outlining the basic concepts of radical polymerization. This is followed by a chapter on radical reactions that is intended to lay the theoretical ground-work for the succeeding chapters on initiation, propagation and termination.




Synthesis and Characterization of Organic Radical Polymers


Book Description

Organic radical polymer batteries have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional Li-ion batteries, for their mechanical flexibility, extraordinary cyclability, high power, and fast charge transfer kinetics. This research focuses on the design and synthesis of diblock copolymers, which incorporate an intrinsically conductive conjugated block of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) through Grignard metathesis polymerization and organic radical functional groups included in a block as poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy-4-yl methacrylate) (PTMA) through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Different molar ratios of P3HT and PTMA were achieved and further verified by GPC, NMR and UV-vis absorption, while the improved quenching method could better control molecular weight dispersity. The AFM images showed different tendencies from stripe-like to hole-like microstructures of P3HT-b-PTMA based on different thin film preparation methods. The resistance of P3HT thin films was obtained and device models were proposed to study the resistance parameters of P3HT-b-PTMA.




Organic and Physical Chemistry of Polymers


Book Description

Organic and Physical Chemistry of Polymers provides a thorough introduction to the fundamentals of polymers, including their structure and synthesis as well as their chemical and physical properties. This accessible guide illuminates the increasingly important role of polymers in modern chemistry, beginning with the essentials, then covering thermodynamics, conformation, morphology, and measurements of molar masses; polymerization mechanisms, reaction of polymers, synthesis of block and graft polymers, and complex topologies; and the mechanical properties, rheology, polymer processing, and fabrication of fibers and films.




Handbook of Vinyl Polymers


Book Description

Radical polymerization is one of the most widely used means of producing vinyl polymers, supporting a myriad of commercial uses. Maintaining the quality of the critically acclaimed first edition, the Handbook of Vinyl Polymers: Radical Polymerization, Process, and Technology, Second Edition provides a fully updated, single-volume source on t




Organic Radicals


Book Description

Organic Radicals summarizes the applications of these materials in several fields, in addition to analyzing challenges, limitations and impacts of materials containing organic radicals on human, plants, water, soil, and animals. Sections cover uses of organic radicals as effective precursors for block molecules building and discuss their effectiveness as precursors of organic radical- containing materials synthesis and their applications in medicine, biology, electronics, environmental sciences, plastics synthesis, polymers building and the several impacts after organic radicals uses. In recent years, the rapid development of organic radical-containing materials has afforded an interesting research area in various applications. Covers the main proprieties and current techniques in organic radicals’ measurements, advantages, and disadvantages Analyzes the lifecycle analysis and the stability of organic radicals, their biodegradability, and biocompatibility Provides a comprehensive overview about the chemical synthesis of organic radicals, their physiochemical proprieties, and risks caused by the presence of high amounts of organic radicals




Redox Polymers for Energy and Nanomedicine


Book Description

Redox Polymers for Energy and Nanomedicine highlights trends in the chemistry, characterization and application of polymers with redox properties.




Handbook of Vinyl Polymers


Book Description

Radical polymerization is one of the most widely used means of producing vinyl polymers, supporting a myriad of commercial uses. Maintaining the quality of the critically acclaimed first edition, the Handbook of Vinyl Polymers: Radical Polymerization, Process, and Technology, Second Edition provides a fully updated, single-volume source on the chemistry, technology, and applications of vinyl polymers. Emphasizes radical initiating systems and mechanisms of action... Written by renowned researchers in the field, this handbook is primarily concerned with the physical and organic chemistry of radical vinyl polymerization. The authors survey the most recent advances, processing methods, technologies, and applications of free radical vinyl polymerization. The book features thorough coverage of polymer functionalization, photo initiation, block and graft copolymers, and polymer composites. Analyzes living/controlled radical polymerization, one of the latest developments in the field... Combining fundamental aspects with the latest advances, processing methods, and applications in free radical vinyl polymerization and polymer technology, this invaluable reference provides a unified, in-depth, and innovative perspective of radical vinyl polymerization.




Study of Organic Radical Polymers and Chiral Magnets Under Structural Disorder and Defects


Book Description

Understanding the role of defects and disorders based on a rigorous assessment of material properties is essential in the process of developing materials for the application. In this dissertation, I study the effect of structural distortions in organic radical polymers and chiral magnet composed of ferromagnetic heterostructure. In the first study, I demonstrate the high resistive nature of organic polymers with pendent stable radicals using the rigorous assessment of radical density and conductivity. I will also present the exponential decay of the conductivity of thin film conjugated polymer with increasing ratio of pendant radical, which is explained by the increasing disorders from steric hindrance that pendent radicals cause. In the second theme, I develop an operando current pulsing device for the Lorentz transmission electron microscope and examine the behavior of skyrmion in response to a stimulus. While the skyrmions are robustly created in the presence of structural defects, no sign of movement is observed due to the pinning effect. I will also explain the thermal origin of the creation and annihilation of skyrmions by the current pulse and use it to control the density of skyrmions and test its stability against magnetic field perturbation.




Principles of Polymerization


Book Description

The new edition of a classic text and reference The large chains of molecules known as polymers are currently used in everything from "wash and wear" clothing to rubber tires to protective enamels and paints. Yet the practical applications of polymers are only increasing; innovations in polymer chemistry constantly bring both improved and entirely new uses for polymers onto the technological playing field. Principles of Polymerization, Fourth Edition presents the classic text on polymer synthesis, fully updated to reflect today's state of the art. New and expanded coverage in the Fourth Edition includes: * Metallocene and post-metallocene polymerization catalysts * Living polymerizations (radical, cationic, anionic) * Dendrimer, hyperbranched, brush, and other polymer architectures and assemblies * Graft and block copolymers * High-temperature polymers * Inorganic and organometallic polymers * Conducting polymers * Ring-opening polymer ization * In vivo and in vitro polymerization Appropriate for both novice and advanced students as well as professionals, this comprehensive yet accessible resource enables the reader to achieve an advanced, up-to-date understanding of polymer synthesis. Different methods of polymerization, reaction parameters for synthesis, molecular weight, branching and crosslinking, and the chemical and physical structure of polymers all receive ample coverage. A thorough discussion at the elementary level prefaces each topic, with a more advanced treatment following. Yet the language throughout remains straightforward and geared towards the student. Extensively updated, Principles of Polymerization, Fourth Edition provides an excellent textbook for today's students of polymer chemistry, chemical engineering, and materials science, as well as a current reference for the researcher or other practitioner working in these areas.