The Evolution of Mating Systems in Insects and Arachnids


Book Description

Insects and arachnids display the most impressive diversity of mating and social behaviour among all animals. This book investigates sexual competition in these groups, and the variety of ways in which males and females pursue, persuade, manipulate, control and help one another, enabling us to gain a better understanding of how conflicts and confluences of interest evolve together. Each chapter provides a comprehensive review of mating systems in particular insect and arachnid groups, discusses intrinsic and extrinsic factors responsible for observed mating strategies, and suggests fruitful avenues for further research. The book culminates in a synthesis, reviewing the date in terms of the theory of sexual conflict. This broad-based book will be of immense value to students and researchers interested in reproductive strategies, behavioural ecology, entomology and arachnology.




Orthopteran Mating Systems


Book Description







The Evolution of Insect Mating Systems


Book Description

Insects display a staggering diversity of mating and social behaviours. Studying these systems provides insights into a wide range of evolutionary and behavioural questions, such as the evolution of sex, sexual selection, sexual conflict, and parental care. This edited volume provides an authoritative update of the landmark book in the field, The Evolution of Insect Mating Systems (Thornhill and Alcock, 1983), which had such a huge impact in shaping adaptationist approaches to the study of animal behaviour and influencing the study of the evolution of reproductive behaviour far beyond the taxonomic remit of insects. This accessible new volume brings the empirical and conceptual scope of the original book fully up to date, incorporating the wealth of new knowledge and research of the last 30 years. It explores the evolution of complex forms of sex determination in insects, and the role of sexual selection in shaping the evolution of mating systems. Selection arising via male contest competition and female choice (both before and after copulation) are discussed, as are the roles of parasites and pathogens in mediating the strength of sexual selection, and the role that parental care plays in successful reproduction. The Evolution of Insect Mating Systems is suitable for both graduate students and researchers interested in insect mating systems or behaviour from an evolutionary, genetical, physiological, or ecological perspective. Due to its interdisciplinary and concept-driven approach, it will also be of relevance and use to a broad audience of evolutionary biologists.




The Evolution of Insect Mating Systems


Book Description

Insects display a staggering diversity of mating and social behaviours. Studying these systems provides insights into a wide range of evolutionary and behavioural questions, such as the evolution of sex, sexual selection, sexual conflict, and parental care. This edited volume provides an authoritative update of the landmark book in the field, The Evolution of Insect Mating Systems (Thornhill and Alcock, 1983), which had such a huge impact in shaping adaptationist approaches to the study of animal behaviour and influencing the study of the evolution of reproductive behaviour far beyond the taxonomic remit of insects. This accessible new volume brings the empirical and conceptual scope of the original book fully up to date, incorporating the wealth of new knowledge and research of the last 30 years. It explores the evolution of complex forms of sex determination in insects, and the role of sexual selection in shaping the evolution of mating systems. Selection arising via male contest competition and female choice (both before and after copulation) are discussed, as are the roles of parasites and pathogens in mediating the strength of sexual selection, and the role that parental care plays in successful reproduction. The Evolution of Insect Mating Systems is suitable for both graduate students and researchers interested in insect mating systems or behaviour from an evolutionary, genetical, physiological, or ecological perspective. Due to its interdisciplinary and concept-driven approach, it will also be of relevance and use to a broad audience of evolutionary biologists.




Sperm Competition and the Evolution of Animal Mating systems


Book Description

Sperm Competition and the Evolution of Animal Mating Systems describes the role of sperm competition in selection on a range of attributes from gamete morphology to species mating systems. This book is organized into 19 chapters and begins with the conceptualization of sperm competition as a subset of sexual selection and its implications for the insects. The following chapter describes the relationship between multiple mating and female fitness, with an emphasis on determining the conditions under which selection on females is likely to counteract selection on males for avoiding sperm competition. Other chapters consider the female perspective on sperm competition; the evolutionary causation at the level of the individual male gamete; and the correlation of high paternal investment and sperm precedence in the insects. The remaining chapters are arranged phylogenetically and explore the sperm competition in diverse animal taxa, such as the Drosophila, Lepidoptera, spiders, amphibians, and reptiles. These chapters also cover the evolution of direct versus indirect sperm transfer among the arachnids or the problem for kinship theory presented by multiple mating and sperm competition in the Hymenoptera. This book further discusses the remarkable potential for sperm competition among certain temperate bat species whose females store sperm through winter hibernation and the mixed strategies and male-caused female genital trauma as possible sperm competition adaptations in poeciliid fishes. The concluding chapter examines the predictions concerning testes size and mating systems in the primates and the possible role of sperm competition in human selection. This book is of great value to reproductive biologists and researchers.




Grasshoppers and Their Relatives


Book Description

Questions and answers explore the world of insects, with an emphasis on grasshoppers.




Grasshoppers and Crickets of Italy


Book Description

Orthoptera is one of the most important and interesting Orders of the Class Insecta. They include grasshoppers and crickets that have a fundamental role in many terrestrial ecosystems. In this complete and updated publication all the 382 taxa (species and subspecies) of Orthoptera nowadays known from Italy are treated; 162 of these are endemic! Unfortunately, as well as for other groups of organisms, also orthopterans have many species suffering from maximum degree of threat, according to the Red List of Threatened Species compiled by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Therefore, Grasshoppers & Crickets of Italy is very important also from a conservation point of view; it allows to recognize the endangered species for planning interventions to safeguard them. This new volume is an absolutely innovative tool in the field of nature handbooks. The authors have succeeded in realizing a text with a new and appealing graphic design, easy to consult, full of photos of morphological details useful to identify the species also by non-experts. Furthermore, very useful for the field work are the maps of the distribution areas, detailed at provincial level, for each species. This book will be useful not only for orthopterists, but also for young entomologists who will be able to measure their ability in identifying species, for agricultural technicians and for all nature and entomology lovers. Gli Ortotteri sono uno degli ordini più importanti e interessanti della grande classe degli insetti. Essi comprendono grilli e cavallette, che rivestono un ruolo fondamentale negli ecosistemi terrestri. In questa pubblicazione completa e aggiornata sono trattati tutti i 382 taxa (specie e sottospecie) di Ortotteri conosciuti oggi in Italia; di questi ben 162 risultano endemici, cioè esclusivi del nostro Paese! Purtroppo, come per altri gruppi di organismi, anche tra gli Ortotteri figurano specie al massimo grado di minaccia, secondo la lista rossa stilata dall’IUCN. Grasshoppers & Crickets of Italy è utile, quindi, anche dal punto di vista conservazionistico, per conoscere le specie in pericolo e attuare interventi in grado di garantirne la tutela. Questa nuova guida è uno strumento assolutamente innovativo nel campo dei manuali naturalistici di campagna. Si tratta di un volume con una veste grafica moderna e accattivante, di facile consultazione, ricchissimo di immagini di particolari morfologici utili all’identificazione delle specie anche da parte di non esperti. Utilissime, per il lavoro sul campo, anche le mappe degli areali di distribuzione, dettagliate a livello di singola provincia. Una guida utile, non solo agli ortotterologi, ma anche ai giovani entomologi che vorranno misurarsi con la loro capacità di identificare le specie, ai tecnici agricoli e a tutti gli amanti della natura e dell’entomologia.




Biology of Grasshoppers


Book Description

Novel Aspects of Insect-Plant Interactions Edited by Pedro Barbosa and Deborah Letourneau This volume represents the forefront of two rapidly advancing areas of ecology: three-trophic-level interactions and the interdisciplinary field of chemical ecology The book focuses on the role of microorganisms as mediators of interactions between insects and plants, providing critical appraisal of studies and suggesting ways to integrate competing hypotheses of insect-plant dynamics. 1988 (0 471-83276-6) 362 pp. Arthropod Biological Control Agents and Pesticides Brian A. Croft Examining the effects of pesticides on predators and parasites and exploring methods for reducing negative impacts of pesticide use, this book focuses on the interaction of pesticides with entomophagous arthropods. It surveys the history of research in the field and discusses susceptibility assessment, lethal, sublethal, and ecological effects of pesticides, and selectivity, resistance, and resistance management. 1990 (0 471-81975-1) 723 pp. Lepidopteran Anatomy, John Eaton This single-source treatment on the anatomy of Lepidoptera provides a detailed exposition of its anatomy plus all its life stages, including the larva and adult forms of the exoskeleton, musculature, organ systems, and specialized structures. As the only thorough examination of the morphology of this insect group, it is an essential acquisition for entomologists, morphologists, and insect physiologists. 1988 (1-05862-9) 257 pp. Integrated Pest Management Systems and Cotton Production Edited by Ray Frisbie, Kamal El-Zik, and L. Ted Wilson The most complete and authoritative work available on the subject, this book brings together information on integrated pest management strategies that are applicable to cotton. It addresses economic, agronomic, and biological factors of pest management and focuses on plant resistance to pests and the genetic rationale for improving plant health. 1989 (0 471-81782-1) 437 pp.




Cricket Behavior and Neurobiology


Book Description

The world of crickets has long been a world of scientific adventure and human fascination. Because of their remarkable ways of communicating and because their nervous and endocrine systems are easily accessible to researchers, crickets can be studied and analyzed with great effectiveness. Starting in the 1960s, vastly improved behavioral and neurobiological techniques have brought them to the frontier of the new field of neuroethology. Here, in the most comprehensive book on crickets ever compiled, twenty-five leading scientists detail the present state of cricket research both at conceptual and at experimental levels. They tell about the manifold strategies crickets use in matching development with seasons and habitats, finding mates, and avoiding parasites and predators, and they describe the physiological mechanisms, especially the neuronal mechanisms, underlying cricket behavior. Their book is at once about communication, comparative physiology and anatomy, and environmental interaction. More than half of Cricket Behavior and Neurobiology is devoted to acoustic behavior and bioacoustics. It is intended for those interested in entomology, general and comparative physiology, biophysics, endocrinology, and chronobiology. It offers new information for behavioral physiologists and ecologists, bioacousticians, and especially neurobiologists concerned with behavior.