An Invariant Imbedding, Orders-of-scattering Approach to Particle Transport in a Slab


Book Description

A novel, simplified approach to particle transport in slabs is given. The number of particles transmitted and reflected by a slab of finite thickness is obtained as a function of the number of collisions the particles receive. This 'orders-of-scattering' solution is facilitated by an invariant imbedding approach which leads to a set of integral recursion relations between transmitted and reflected particle currents. Solutions are given for both one-dimensional and three-dimensional transport in slabs for an arbitrary anisotropic scattering law.




Testing Quantum Theory with Higher-Order Interference in Many-Particle Correlations


Book Description

The structure of quantum theory permits interference of indistinguishable paths. At the same time, however, it also limits such interference to certain orders and any higher-order interference is prohibited. This thesis develops and studies concepts to test quantum theory with higher-order interference using many-particle correlations, the latter being generally richer and typically more subtle than single-particle correlations. It is demonstrated that quantum theory in general allows for interference up to order 2M in M-particle correlations. Depending on the mutual coherence of the particles, however, the related interference hierarchy can terminate earlier. In this thesis, we show that mutually coherent particles can exhibit interference of the highest orders allowed. We further demonstrate that interference of mutually incoherent particles truncates already at order M+1, although interference of the latter is principally more multifaceted than their coherent counterpart. We introduce two families of many-particle Sorkin parameters, whose members are expected to be all zero when quantum mechanics holds. As proof of concept, we demonstrate the disparate vanishing of such higher-order interference terms as a function of coherence in experiments with mutually coherent and incoherent sources. Finally, we investigate the influence of exotic kinked or looped quantum paths, which are permitted by Feynman’s path integral approach, in such setups.




Morphosyntactic Change


Book Description

Particle verbs (combinations of two words but lexical units) are a notorious problem in linguistics. Is a particle verb like look up one word or two? It has its own entry in dictionaries, as if it is one word, but look and up can be split up in a sentence: we can say He looked the information up and He looked up the information. But why can't we say He looked up it? In English look and up can only be separated by a direct object, but in Dutch the two parts can be separated over a much longer distance. How did such hybrid verbs arise and how do they function? How can we make sense of them in modern theories of language structure? This book sets out to answer these and other questions, explaining how these verbs fit into the grammatical systems of English and Dutch.




Cognitive Sociolinguistics


Book Description

A union of Cognitive Linguistics and Sociolinguistics was bound to happen. Both proclaim a usage-based approach to language and aim to analyse actual language use in objective ways. Whereas Sociolinguistics is by nature on the outlook for language in its variety, CL can no longer afford to ignore social variation in language as it manifests itself in the usage data. Nor can it fail to adopt an empirical methodology that reflects variation as it actually occurs, beyond the limited knowledge of the individual observer. Conversely, while CL can only benefit from a heightened sensitivity to social aspects, the rich, bottom-up theoretical framework it has developed is likely to contribute to a much better understanding of the meaning of variationist phenomena. The volume brings together fifteen chapters written by prominent scholars testifying of rich empirical and theoretizing research into the social aspects of language variation. Taking a broad view on Cognitive Sociolinguistics, the volume covers three main areas: corpus-based research on language variation, cognitive cultural models, and the ideologies of sociopolitical and socio-economic systems.




Pigments, Extenders, and Particles in Surface Coatings and Plastics


Book Description

This book discusses the diverse array of particles that are found in coatings from both a physical and a performance standpoint. It also describes the fundamentals of particle behavior and shows how these affect the performance and properties of their end-use applications. It consists of nineteen chapters, demonstrating the wide range of types of particles found in coatings as well as the diversity of the important attributes they hold. The authors also present a forward looking view of current issues and trends in the coatings industry. In addition, a chapter on the use of particles in paper laminate, a closely aligned field, is included. This book is of interest to formulators of any type of coatings as well as researchers in aligned fields that use high volumes of small particles, such as the plastics and paper industries.




Chemical and Biochemical Reactors and Process Control


Book Description

The publication of the third edition of "Chemical Engineering Volume" marks the completion of the re-orientation of the basic material contained in the first three volumes of the series. Volume 3 is devoted to reaction engineering (both chemical and biochemical), together with measurement and process control. This text is designed for students, graduate and postgraduate, of chemical engineering.







Gravity IN Relativistic Particle Theory: A Physical Foundation for the Life Sciences


Book Description

This book focuses on the need for and development of a rigorous Nonequilibrium Thermodynamic Theory, as a foundation on which to construct a relativistic particle theory that in turn serves as a self-consistent basis for our reasoning in the quantum, cosmological and life sciences, at the farthest extremes of organized complexity ? and the farthest removes from equilibrium. In Part I, Dr. Hamilton develops general principles and laws, extending those of Classical Thermodynamics, which govern the origin and evolution of systems far from equilibrium. And he shows that these principles act collectively with Heisenberg?s indeterminacy principle, as a Nonequilibrium Thermodynamic Imperative (NTI), a creative driving force in the expansion and evolution of the Universe. In Part II, he proposes fundamental assumptions, alternatives to those in the Standard Model, that lead, seamlessly and self-consistently, to the origin and evolution of the quantum Universe and its transition to the scalar expansion of the Cosmos, in which the force of gravity plays a central role. On this foundation, Part III develops a rational quantum theory in which Gravitational and Symmetry Bound Photons (GSBP) constitute the most fundamental particles in the Universe as dimensional composite fermions (quarks, electrons and positrinos) and bosons, and enabling a GSBP-Schroedinger enhanced description of the dynamics of atomic and molecular systems. And in Part IV, Dr. Hamilton develops a physical, molecular theory of the origin and evolution of life on the early Earth which accounts in natural geophysical terms for the critically important homochirality of all the amino acids in present-day living cells. The Nonequilibrium Thermodynamic Imperative drives and undergirds all creative action, at all levels, from quantum to cosmological, in the expanding Universe, including the Darwinian Natural Selection of species on Earth in which the NTI plays a fundamental physical role.




Energy Research Abstracts


Book Description

Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.




Environmental Particles


Book Description

First published in 1992, Environmental Particles describes properties, roles, and methods for the characterization of environmental particles in air, water, sediment, and soil. This book emphasizes modern methods for sampling, instrumental characterization methods, and physical/chemical principles for describing the properties and roles of particles in the environment (particularly their influence on the transport of toxic compounds). It will be an excellent reference source for environmental chemists and physicists, limnologists, oceanographers, air and soil scientists, analytical chemists, environmental engineers, scientists involved in environmental protection, and students.