Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting


Book Description

This book outlines many of the techniques involved in materials development and characterization for photoelectrochemical (PEC) – for example, proper metrics for describing material performance, how to assemble testing cells and prepare materials for assessment of their properties, and how to perform the experimental measurements needed to achieve reliable results towards better scientific understanding. For each technique, proper procedure, benefits, limitations, and data interpretation are discussed. Consolidating this information in a short, accessible, and easy to read reference guide will allow researchers to more rapidly immerse themselves into PEC research and also better compare their results against those of other researchers to better advance materials development. This book serves as a “how-to” guide for researchers engaged in or interested in engaging in the field of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. PEC water splitting is a rapidly growing field of research in which the goal is to develop materials which can absorb the energy from sunlight to drive electrochemical hydrogen production from the splitting of water. The substantial complexity in the scientific understanding and experimental protocols needed to sufficiently pursue accurate and reliable materials development means that a large need exists to consolidate and standardize the most common methods utilized by researchers in this field.







Photoelectrochemical Solar Cells


Book Description

This book provides an overall view of the photoelectrochemical systems for solar hydrogen generation, and new and novel materials for photoelectrochemical solar cell applications. The book is organized in three parts. General concepts and photoelectrochemical systems are covered in Part I. Part II is devoted to photoactive materials for solar hydrogen generation. Main focus of the last part is the photoelectrochemical related systems. This part provides a diverse information about the implementation of multi-junctional solar cells in solar fuel generation systems, dye-sensitized solar hydrogen production and photocatalytic formation of photoactive semiconductors.




Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting


Book Description

There has been a resurgence of interest in light-induced water splitting as the search for storable carbon neutral energy becomes more urgent. Although the history of the basic idea dates back more than four decades, efficient, economical and stable integrated devices have yet to be realized. In the continuing quest for such devices, the field of photoelectrochemistry is entering a new phase where the extraordinary interdisciplinary of the research and development efforts are opening new avenues. This aspect of current research effort is reflected in the chapters of this book, which encompass present thinking in the various disciplines such as materials science, photo-electrochemistry and interfaces that can contribute to realization of viable solar fuel generators. This book presents a blend of the background science and recent advances in the field of photoelectrochemical water splitting, and includes aspects that point towards medium to long term future realization. The content of the book goes beyond the more traditional approaches to the subject by including topics such as novel excitation energy processes that have only been realized so far in advanced photonics. The comprehensive overview of current activities and development horizons provided by the impressive collection of internationally renowned authors therefore represents a unique reflection of current thinking regarding water splitting by light.




Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production


Book Description

Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production describes the principles and materials challenges for the conversion of sunlight into hydrogen through water splitting at a semiconducting electrode. Readers will find an analysis of the solid state properties and materials requirements for semiconducting photo-electrodes, a detailed description of the semiconductor/electrolyte interface, in addition to the photo-electrochemical (PEC) cell. Experimental techniques to investigate both materials and PEC device performance are outlined, followed by an overview of the current state-of-the-art in PEC materials and devices, and combinatorial approaches towards the development of new materials. Finally, the economic and business perspectives of PEC devices are discussed, and promising future directions indicated. Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production is a one-stop resource for scientists, students and R&D practitioners starting in this field, providing both the theoretical background as well as useful practical information on photoelectrochemical measurement techniques. Experts in the field benefit from the chapters on current state-of-the-art materials/devices and future directions.




Photoelectrochemistry and Photovoltaics of Layered Semiconductors


Book Description

This volume aims at bringing together the results of extensive research done during the last fifteen years on the interfacial photoelectronic properties of the inorganic layered semiconducting materials, mainly in relation to solar energy conversion. Significant contributions have been made both on the fundamental aspects of interface characteristics and on the suitability of the layered materials in photoelectrochemical (semiconductor/electrolyte junctions) and in solid state photovoltaic(Schottky and p-n junctions) cells. New insights into the physical and chemical characteristics of the contact surfaces have been gained and many new applications of these materials have been revealed. In particular, the basal plane surface of the layered materials shows low chemical reactivity and specific electronic behaviour with respect to isotropic solids. In electrochemical systems, the inert nature of these surfaces characterized by saturated chemical bonds has been recognized from studies on charge transfer reactions and catalysis. In addition, studies on the role of the d-band electronic transitions and the dynamics of the photogene rated charge carriers in the relative stability of the photoelectrodes of the transition metal dichalcogenides have deepened the understanding of the interfacial photoreactions. Transition metal layered compounds are also recognized as ideal model compounds for the studies Involving surfaces: photoreactions, adsorption phenomena and catalysis, scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy and epitaxial growth of thin films. Recently, quantum size effects have been investigated in layered semiconductor colloids.







Photoelectrochemical Solar Fuel Production


Book Description

This book explores the conversion for solar energy into renewable liquid fuels through electrochemical reactions. The first section of the book is devoted to the theoretical fundamentals of solar fuels production, focusing on the surface properties of semiconductor materials in contact with aqueous solutions and the reaction mechanisms. The second section describes a collection of current, relevant characterization techniques, which provide essential information of the band structure of the semiconductors and carrier dynamics at the interface semiconductor. The third, and last section comprises the most recent developments in materials and engineered structures to optimize the performance of solar-to-fuel conversion devices.




Photoelectrochemistry


Book Description

The future energy needs have to be met essentially by properly harnessing solar radiation. As this area of research centers on the generation of hydrogen from water and also on the reduction of carbon dioxide and di-nitrogen to value added chemicals. Some of these aspects have been covered in this presentation. It is to be noted that forty years of research has not yielded the desired results and the clues for the causes for this failure is considered in this presentation. From many respects that this exercise is considered to be unique and the contents of this book can be comprehended by general readers interested in the general topic of Energy.




Photoelectrochemistry


Book Description

We enthusiastically welcome this opportunity to introduce this major work of Gurevich, Pleskov, and Rotenberg to English-speaking readers since photoelectrochemistry has, in recent years, become very significant for modern energy transfer and energy conversion phenomena. While having its roots in early electrochemistry, this field, in its modern aspects, has had an important impact on knowledge of the production and state of solvated electrons and on photoassisted electrolysis at semiconductors. Photoeffects resulting in electron emission into solution have also given rise to new ways of understanding double-layer structure and measuring potentials of zero charge. Electrochemical photoemission studies have added to and comple­ mented the literature of solvated electron chemistry arising from experiments with high-energy radiation. The authors' treatment of photoelectron emission phenomena at metal/ solution interfaces is thorough and quantitative and, we believe, will con­ stitute a landmark in the development of this fundamentally interesting and practically important area of electrochemistry and photophysics. H. Wroblowa B. E. Conway v Foreword A characteristic feature of modern electrochemistry is the continually broadening utilization of nontraditional methods and development of new directions of research. A number of such approaches are based on illumina­ tion techniques. First, irradiation is used in electrochemistry mainly as a research tool. Mention should be made here of methods such as electro­ reflection, ellipsometry, internal reflection spectroscopy, interferometry of surface layers, and other techniques firmly established in experimental electrochemistry. Second, light directly affects electrode processes. In­ vestigation of the latter phenomenon is the subject of photoelectrochemistry.