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Pollen Tip Growth

Author : Gerhard Obermeyer

Publisher : Springer

Page : 419 pages

File Size : 50,32 MB

Release : 2017-06-13

Category : Science

ISBN : 3319566458

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Book Description

This book focuses on the biophysical aspects of tip growth: How do physical parameters like pressure, water potential, electrical fields, or ion currents contribute to and influence this specialized and highly dynamic form of cell growth? It provides an updated and balanced overview of the current state of knowledge and future research perspectives regarding how pollen tubes’ growth is driven and regulated by molecular interactions underlying the cellular processes. The individual chapters address topics ranging from molecular biophysical concepts to comprehensive omic studies and computational modeling of the tip growth process. In addition, a chapter on root hair cells is included to provide an alternative view on the underlying molecular principles of tip growth in general. Each chapter provides a summary of cutting-edge techniques, results and experimental data; a statement, hypothesis or conclusion on the importance of the aspect described for tip growth, particularly pollen tip growth; and addresses open gaps in our understanding and potential approaches to remedying them. The book offers experimental and theoretical solutions to help established researchers and newcomers to the field alike solve the many mysterious behaviors of pollen tube tips.



Sexual Plant Reproduction

Author : Mauro Cresti

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 241 pages

File Size : 14,93 MB

Release : 2012-12-06

Category : Science

ISBN : 3642776779

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Book Description

In recent years there has been a growing awareness of the importance of reproductive biology to crop production and there has been a tremendous increase in research on reproductive structures of higher plants. Presented here is a wide information of different aspects of micro- and macrosporogenesis, pollen-stigma interaction and recognition, pollen tube growth, cytoskeleton, in vitro and in vivo gamete fusion, and incompatibility. The most advanced techniques employed in studies on reproductive biology of higher plants are described in detail.



Mathematical and Experimental Studies of Pollen Tube Tip Growth and Guidance

Author : Nan Luo

Publisher :

Page : 125 pages

File Size : 28,59 MB

Release : 2016

Category : Arabidopsis

ISBN : 9781339729619

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Book Description

Tip growth is an extreme form of polar growth and involves highly polarized cellular activities, such as vesicular trafficking and cell surface extension. In the presence of environmental signals, tip growing cells are able to reestablish the axis of polarity and growth in a process called growth guidance. Previous studies showed that in various cell systems, tip growth and growth guidance depend on polarized Rho GTPase signaling and exocytosis. In this study, we combined mathematical modeling and biological experimentation to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the tip growth and guidance of Arabidopsis pollen tubes. Firstly, a mathematical model integrating the intracellular signaling and the cell surface mechanics in pollen tube tip growth is presented. The predictions of the model were confirmed by phenotypic characterization of mutants defective in the ROP1 signaling, exocytosis or cell wall modification. The results supported the hypothesis that in pollen tube tip growth, exocytosis is the central player that couples ROP1 GTPase signaling pathways with cell wall mechanical properties. Secondly, a mathematical model of pollen tube guidance was developed based on the framework of the tip growth model using the Finite Element Method. In this model, the distribution of active ROP1 is biased by the gradient of the extracellular guidance signal, leading to asymmetric growth towards the source of the guidance signal. This model is validated by observing the dynamics of ROP1 activity and cell morphology in pollen tube guidance using the semi- in vitro assay. Finally, a novel method of measuring the exocytosis rate of cell membrane or cell wall proteins is presented. In this method, the protein-of-interest is tagged with Dendra2, a photo-convertible fluorescent protein. Following photoconversion, both exocytosis and other processes that affect fluorescence recovery such as endocytosis and cell surface extension can be tracked simultaneously. We developed an algorithm for data processing and calculation, and applied this method in measuring the exocytosis rate of PRK1 in Arabidopsis pollen tubes. Overall, this study provided a platform for the application of mathematics in the study of plant cell signaling and morphogenesis.



Angiosperm Pollen and Ovules

Author : E. Ottaviano

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 480 pages

File Size : 40,35 MB

Release : 2012-12-06

Category : Science

ISBN : 1461229588

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Book Description

The subject of this volume is the reproductive biology of plants. A steadily growing interest in this field is the result of at least two factors, as pointed out with great foresight by one of the driving forces in the field, H.E Linskens (Linskens 1964): most of the food consumed by humans takes the form of plant reproductive parts, and molecular biology now provides pow erful tools for investigating and manipulating plant reproductive systems. Molecular biology and the allied discipline of biotechnology are solidly represented in the papers in this book. The editors of Angiosperm Pollen and Ovules believe that the chapters herein contain some of the most excit ing findings of contemporary biology, and hope that the readers of this book will share their enthusiasm. The editors express sincere and grateful thanks for help from Carla Frova, Enrico Pe, and especially to Giorgio Binelli, all of the University of Milan. Without these three tireless and enthusiastic individuals it would not have been possible to maintain the apparently effortless proceeding of this congress. We thank also the organizing committee and the organizations that generously provided financial support (both listed below). Finally, we extend thanks to M. Cresti, D. Charlesworth, D. Hess, E Hoekstra, R. Bruce Knox, J.P. Mascarenhas, M.E. Nasrallah, P.L. Pfahler, A. Snow, and M.T.M. Willemse for chairing sessions.





Plant Cell Walls

Author : Peter Albersheim

Publisher : Garland Science

Page : 430 pages

File Size : 46,35 MB

Release : 2010-04-15

Category : Science

ISBN : 1136843582

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Book Description

Plant cell walls are complex, dynamic cellular structures essential for plant growth, development, physiology and adaptation. Plant Cell Walls provides an in depth and diverse view of the microanatomy, biosynthesis and molecular physiology of these cellular structures, both in the life of the plant and in their use for bioproducts and biofuels. Plant Cell Walls is a textbook for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students, as well as a professional-level reference book. Over 400 drawings, micrographs, and photographs provide visual insight into the latest research, as well as the uses of plant cell walls in everyday life, and their applications in biotechnology. Illustrated panels concisely review research methods and tools; a list of key terms is given at the end of each chapter; and extensive references organized by concept headings provide readers with guidance for entry into plant cell wall literature. Cell wall material is of considerable importance to the biofuel, food, timber, and pulp and paper industries as well as being a major focus of research in plant growth and sustainability that are of central interest in present day agriculture and biotechnology. The production and use of plants for biofuel and bioproducts in a time of need for responsible global carbon use requires a deep understanding of the fundamental biology of plants and their cell walls. Such an understanding will lead to improved plant processes and materials, and help provide a sustainable resource for meeting the future bioenergy and bioproduct needs of humankind.



The Pollen Tube

Author : Rui Malhó

Publisher : Springer

Page : 0 pages

File Size : 41,94 MB

Release : 2013-01-02

Category : Science

ISBN : 9783642068232

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Book Description

New data on the pollen tube reflects its qualities as a biological model beyond its function as a carrier of sperm cells in plant reproduction. This book shows that pollen tubes are excellent models for plant cell research, suitable for investigations on cell tip growth and polarization, signal transduction, channel and ion flux activity, gene expression, cytoskeleton and wall structure, membrane dynamics and even cell–to-cell communication.



Pollination in Plants

Author : Phatlane William Mokwala

Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand

Page : 132 pages

File Size : 23,62 MB

Release : 2018-06-06

Category : Medical

ISBN : 1789232368

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Book Description

Plants are the basic source of food for both humans and animals. Most of the food is made of fruits and seeds. For these to be formed, pollination must first take place. This process is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther, which is the male structure of the flower, to the sigma on the female structure of the flower. The transfer process requires agents to be carried out. The agents can be either biotic or abiotic. Nature perfected this arrangement between the pollination agents and the plants. As ecosystems and agricultural systems are changing, this balanced arrangement becomes disturbed. This makes it necessary that pollination systems be studied so that necessary measures can be undertaken to ensure productivity. The chapters of this book present results in research undertaken to improve productivity in crops such as Actinidia chinensis (the kiwifruit), Theobroma cacao (cocoa), and Manicaria saccifera (a tropical forest palm). Some results are presented on tests to check the viability of pollen grains and the delivery of sperm cells through pollen tubes to the embryo sac. These results can serve as guidelines to any person seeking to improve pollination and productivity or to check the efficiency on pollination in ecosystems or agricultural production systems.



Pollen and Pollen Tube Biology

Author : Anja Geitmann

Publisher : Humana

Page : 332 pages

File Size : 20,47 MB

Release : 2021-06-26

Category : Science

ISBN : 9781071606742

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Book Description

This volume explores a collection of experimental techniques used to investigate different aspects of pollen development and function, including its role in reaching the ovule and delivering the two sperm cells. The techniques discussed range from basic methodology to cultivate pollen in vitro to the sophisticated experiments involving micromanipulation, Lab-on-Chip technology, or high-end imaging. The chapters in this book cover topics such as pollen grain counting using a cell counter; restricted pollination for tracing individual pollen tubes in a pistil; obtaining mutant pollen for phenotypic analysis and pollen tube dual-staining; analyzing intracellular gradients in pollen tubes; and measuring exocytosis rate in Arabidopsis pollen tube using corrected fluorescence recovery after photoconversion (cFRAPc) technique. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, Pollen and Pollen Tube Biology: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for novice and expert scientists interested in learning more about the field of plant reproduction.



Sexual Reproduction in Animals and Plants

Author : Hitoshi Sawada

Publisher : Springer

Page : 463 pages

File Size : 14,93 MB

Release : 2014-02-07

Category : Science

ISBN : 4431545891

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Book Description

This book contains the proceedings of the International Symposium on the Mechanisms of Sexual Reproduction in Animals and Plants, where many plant and animal reproductive biologists gathered to discuss their recent progress in investigating the shared mechanisms and factors involved in sexual reproduction. This now is the first book that reviews recent progress in almost all fields of plant and animal fertilization. It was recently reported that the self-sterile mechanism of a hermaphroditic marine invertebrate (ascidian) is very similar to the self-incompatibility system in flowering plants. It was also found that a male factor expressed in the sperm cells of flowering plants is involved in gamete fusion not only of plants but also of animals and parasites. These discoveries have led to the consideration that the core mechanisms or factors involved in sexual reproduction may be shared by animals, plants and unicellular organisms. This valuable book is highly useful for reproductive biologists as well as for biological scientists outside this field in understanding the current progress of reproductive biology.