Divided Natures


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In this book Kerry Whiteside introduces the work of a range of French ecological theorists to an English-speaking audience. He shows how thinkers in France and in English-speaking countries have produced different strains of ecological thought and suggests that the work of French ecological theorists could lessen pervasive tensions in Anglophone ecology. Much of the theory written in English is shaped by the debate between anthropocentric ecologists, who contend that the value of our nonhuman surroundings derives from their role in fulfilling human interests, and ecocentric ecologists, who contend that the nonhuman world holds ultimate value in and of itself. This debate is almost nonexistent among French theorists, who tend to focus on the processes linking nature and human identity. Whiteside suggests that the insights of French theorists could help English-language theorists to extricate themselves from endless debates over the real center of nature's value. Among the French theorists discussed are Denis de Rougemont, Denis Duclos, René Dumont, Luc Ferry, André Gorz, Félix Guattari, Bruno Latour, Alain Lipietz, Edgar Morin, Serge Moscovici, and Michel Serres. The English-language theorists discussed include John Barry, Robyn Eckersley, Robert Goodin, Tim Hayward, Holmes Rolston III, and Paul Taylor.





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Pour en finir avec les riches (et les pauvres)


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L'année 2010 a été décrétée " Année européenne de lutte contre la pauvreté et l'exclusion sociale ". Dans le discours normalisé des institutions européennes sur l'anormalité sociale de la pauvreté, la proposition du collectif " Sauvons les riches " d'instaurer un revenu maximum européen invite à ne plus sortir du champ de vision de la pauvreté la question des riches et de leur richesse. Cette proposition ouvre une perspective plus critique et plus politique quant au traitement de la pauvreté. Le " revenu maximum " est ainsi une invitation à jeter un regard neuf sur un certain nombre de dossiers connexes : politique des revenus, revenu minimum, justice fiscale. Il ne s'agit pas seulement de se demander comment on redistribue, mais aussi pourquoi. Pourquoi, en effet, faut-il souhaiter que certains soient beaucoup moins pauvres et d'autres beaucoup moins riches ?







Interfaces Between the Oral and the Written


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In the African context, there exists the 'myth' that orality means tradition. Written and oral verbal art are often regarded as dichotomies, one excluding the other. While orature is confused with 'tradition', literature is ascribed to modernity. Furthermore, local languages are ignored and literature is equated with writing in foreign languages. The contributions in this volume take issue with such preconceptions and explore the multiple ways in which literary and oral forms interrelate and subvert each other, giving birth to new forms of artistic expression. They emphasize the local agency of the African poet and writer, which resists the global commodification of literature through the international bestseller lists of the cultural industry. The first section traces the movement from oral to written texts, which in many cases coincides with a switch from African to European languages. But as the essays in the section on "New Literary Languages" make clear, in other cases a true philological work is accomplished in the African language to create a new written and literary medium. Through the mixing of languages in the cities, such as the Sheng spoken in Kenya or the bilinguality of a writer such as Cheik Aliou Ndao (Senegal), new idioms for literary expressions evolve. The use of new media, technology or music stimulate the emergence of new genres, such as Taarab in East Africa, radio poetry in Yoruba and Hausa, or Rap in the Senegal, as is shown in the section on "Forms of New Orality." It is a great achievement of this second volume of Versions and Subversions in African Literatures that it assembles contributions by scholars from the anglophone and the francophone world and that it covers literary production in a broad spectrum of languages: English, French, Hausa, Sheng, Sotho, Spanish, Swahili, Wolof and Yoruba. Some of the authors and cultural practitioners treated in detail are: Mobolaij Adenubi, Birago Diop, Boubacar Boris Diop, David Maillu, Thomas Mofolo, Cheik Aliou Ndao, Donato Ndongo-Bidyogo, Hubert Ogunde, Shaaban Robert, Wole Soyinka, Ibrahim YaroYahaya, and Sénouvo Agbota Zinsou.




DOUBLE RESPONSE A MM


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Dilius et le Pot au Lait


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Dilius en sa tête, ayant eu un rêve opiniâtreS'était juré de confronter toutes les trêvesPour donner une autre dimension à son existence.Il voulut mettre à l'épreuve la ProvidenceSous d'autres cieux, bravant d'autres hommesSe frottant à une toute autre réalité.Notre bonhomme s'en allait gaiementGoûtant ainsi son extase mais voici que le malheurFidèle à son rendez-vous étale sa perfide noirceurSur le paysage enchanteur de ses espérances.Son rêve est éclaboussé en mille et une regrettables circonstancesLe rêve tomba, comme de Perrette, le pot au laitEt dans la chute de son rêve sa dignité d'homme s'émietta.Tout est perdu dans le sillage méchant d'un quotidien banalDepuis sa citoyenneté jusqu' à son désir de goûter au bonheur.Il n'y a que son Haïtienneté, héritage moqueur, qui demeureUn patrimoine pas souvent attrayant, mais qui jamais ne meurt.







The Vicar of Wakefield


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