Assessing Computational Thinking


Book Description

This book presents different approaches for answering the question: How do we assess computational thinking? The result is a snapshot of the current state of the field for assessing computational thinking. The last decade has seen rapid growth in the presence of computational thinking (CT) in educational contexts. Those working to advance CT argue that the concepts and skills associated with CT are essential to succeed in an increasingly computational world. As a result of these efforts, there has been tremendous growth in curricula, learning environments, and innovations around CT education in K-12 classrooms and beyond. As CT grows in prominence, so too does the need to be able to effectively and equitably assess learners CT abilities. This volume is a collection of chapters pursuing different approaches for answering the question: How do we assess computational thinking? The answers provided span age ranges, formal and informal contexts, conceptual aspects of CT, and varying methodological and evaluative strategies. Collectively, the volume captures the current state of the field for assessing computational thinking and lays the groundwork for future CT assessment innovation. Assessing Computational Thinking will be a key resource for academics, researchers, and advanced students of Education, Educational Assessment, Educational Research, Psychology and Research Methods. The chapters included in this book were originally published as a special issue of Computer Science Education.




Improving Business Performance With Lean


Book Description

This textbook is a concise introduction to the essential concepts and tools used in the "Lean" method of improving business processes; it constitutes a sufficient "toolkit" to enable a reader to successfully improve business processes in their workplace. While Lean was first applied in manufacturing, arguably evolving out of the Toyota Production System, it is now applied widely to service and administrative processes as well. Lean, in comparison with other business improvement processes such as Six Sigma, relies on intuitive concepts rather than complex mathematics. Thus, a short, non-technical, understandable, and engaging text can successfully convey the essential principles of Lean and empower the reader. Besides describing the concepts of Lean, plentiful examples and brief case studies illustrate the application of Lean in different contexts including manufacturing, healthcare, food service, administrative processes, distribution, and retail. Besides giving a clear idea of how to apply Lean in various contexts, the examples illustrate which Lean tools are most appropriate in the various contexts. This book focuses on "how" to do Lean in terms of what the Lean tools are and how to apply them. What this book is not is an in-depth coverage of other organizational issues associated with the successful implementation of Lean. Because these issues are important, very brief coverage is included in the Section/Chapter entitled "Other Considerations in Lean." Each subsection in this chapter would be extremely brief and would outline the relevant issues, but in no way would thoroughly discuss these topics. References would be included here for those readers who wish to pursue future study in this area.













Public Transportation: Federal Role in Value Capture Strategies for Transit Is Limited, but Additional Guidance Could Help Clarify Policies


Book Description

State and local gov¿ts. are looking for alternative strategies to help fund transit systems. Value capture strategies (VCS) -- joint develop., special assessment dist., tax increment financing, and development impact fees -- are designed to dedicate to transit either a portion of increased tax revenue or additional revenue through assessments, fees, or rents based on value expected to accrue as a result of transit investments. This report reviewed: (1) the extent to which transit agencies and local gov¿ts. use joint develop. and other VCS to finance transit; (2) what stakeholders have identified as facilitators of, or hindrances to, the use of these; and (3) what stakeholders have said about the effects of fed. policies and programs on the use of these strategies. Illus.