Prospects and Applications for Plant-Associated Microbes, A laboratory manual


Book Description

Research on the microbial colonization of the aerial and subterranean tissues of plants has shown an extensive scale of interactions between the hosts and a range of microbes, including bacteria and fungi. Intercellular spaces, vascular systems and even single cells can be inhabited by these endophytic microbes. Of the bacterial endophytes, only a small percentage is harmful to the plant; most are neutral, opportunistic or beneficial. These plant-based bacteria can have various important functions throughout the life cycle of the plant; some promote plant growth and development, others protect the plant from diseases. This ability to be able to protect plants from diseases has catalyzed numerous laboratories to search for new bacteria that could be utilized instead of the traditional plant-protective agents. Because two or more interacting organisms are involved, research and the eventual application of suitable bio-controlling microbes are challenging and often require specific skills and equipment. The purpose of this book is to provide a comprehensive review for those who are interested in the research and biotechnological applications of plant-associated bacteria. It also provides a compilation of current work conducted on plant-bacteria interactions.




Prospects and Applications for Plant-Associated Microbes, A laboratory manual


Book Description

Plant-associated microbes are ubiquitous organisms living in a range of interactions with their host. Involving two organisms, research and applications of plant microbes are challenging and often require specific skills. This book guides the reader in the word of plant-associated fungi, giving both theoretical and practical insight on the potential of this interaction in biotechnology. Detailed instructions and step-by-step protocols are described for isolation, identification, localization and community analysis of fungi, studies on their bioactivity, molecular plant-fungal interactions, and development of fungi as tools for biotechnology.




Endophytes of Forest Trees


Book Description

Found in every plant species, the diversity of endophytic micro-organisms can be extremely high within different plant organs and tissue types. In trees, their ecological roles with respect to host tree can vary from latent pathogens or saprophytes to neutral commensalists and mutualists. Given their high diversity, and their bio-active nature, endophytes are currently being associated with a role in tree health against insect herbivores and fungal pathogens, as well as improving tree properties in phytoremediation. Meanwhile there is increasing interest in the potential of some tree endophytes as new sources of drug compounds. The first book on tree endophytes in several years, and containing contributions from leading authors in the field, this book provides an important reference text for professional researchers and advanced students.




Handbook for Azospirillum


Book Description

The functional analysis of plant-microbe interactions has re-emerged in the past 10 years due to spectacular advances in integrative study models. This book summarizes basic and technical information related to the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) belonging to the genus Azospirillum, considered to be one of the most representative PGPR last 40 years. We include exhaustive information about the general microbiology of genus Azospirillum, their identification strategies; the evaluation of plant growth promoting mechanisms, inoculants technology and agronomic use of these bacteria and some special references to the genetic technology and use.




Plant-Microbe Interactions in Agro-Ecological Perspectives


Book Description

This book puts an updated account on functional aspects of multiphasic microbial interactions within and between plants and their ecosystem. Multipronged interaction in the soil microbial communities with the plants constitute a relay of mechanisms that make profound changes in plant and its micro-environment in the rhizopshere at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels. In agro-ecological perspectives, such interactions are known to recycle nutrients and regulate signalling molecules, phytohormones and other small molecules that help plant growth and development. Such aspects are described deeply in this book taking examples from various crop plants and microbial systems. Authors described the most advantageous prospects of plant-microbe interaction in terms of inoculation of beneficial microorganisms (microbial inoculants) with the plants in which microbes proliferate in the root rhizosphere system and benefit plants' with definite functions like fixation of nitrogen, solubilization and mobilization of P, K, Zn and production of phytohormones. The subject of this book and the content presented herein has great relevance to the agro-ecological sustainability of crop plants with the help of microbial interactions. The chapters presented focus on defining and assessing the impact of beneficial microbial interactions on different soils, crops and abiotic conditions. This volume entails about exploiting beneficial microbial interactions to help plants under abiotic conditions, microbe-mediated induced systemic tolerance, role of mycorrhizal interactions in improving plant tolerance against stresses, PGPR as nutrient mobilizers, phytostimulants, antagonists and biocontrol agents, plant interactions with Trichoderma and other bioagents for sustainable intensification in agriculture, cyanobacteria as PGPRs, plant microbiome for crop management and phytoremediation and rhizoremediation using microbial communities. The overall content entrust advanced knowledge and applicability of diversified biotechnological, techno-commercial and agro-ecological aspects of microbial interactions and inoculants as inputs, which upon inoculation with crop plants benefit them in multiple ways.




Methods in Fungal Biology: A manual of Laboratory Protocols


Book Description

Fungi are one of the important components in the biosphere, ubiquitous in nature and essential in recycling of nutrients in all type of habitats. These organisms play key role as decomposers, phytopathogens, symbionts and in elemental cycles. Despite of their important roles in the biosphere, it is important to explore all categories of fungi. This manual is designed to provide detailed information on methods of fungal isolation and identification from various substrates. The book is comprised in three parts where first part contains information about instrumentation, techniques, stains, cultures and reagents; second part describe about fungal isolation and identification while, third part depicts about cryopreservation methods, safety norms and regulations in handling fungal specimens as well as about bibliography. Almost all the techniques used in isolation and identification of fungi from various substrates viz. soil, water, air, indoor environment, plant tissues, plant rhizosphere and stored materials are provided in complete detail. Identification keys of fungi are also covered and complied in this book. This book has complete basic information on experimental mycology which makes it useful for undergraduate, post graduate and beginners in this scientific and interesting field of fungal studies.




Emerging Tools for Emerging Symbioses—Using Genomics Applications to Studying Endophytes


Book Description

Plants are typically colonized by numerous endophyte species symbiotically without any noticeable disease symptoms. These microbes are abundant, diverse and play critical ecological roles across natural and agricultural ecosystems. Endophytes have attracted the attention of researchers due to their various beneficial effects on plants, especially in agricultural crop species. Genomic tools will enhance our understanding on the growth and nutrition requirements of this host-symbiont relationship. Recent advances in DNA sequencing technologies and bioinformatic pipelines have allowed analyzing the plant microbiome and host-endophyte interaction more effectively with limited bias. Furthermore, various studies have employed and utilized transcriptomic and genomic tools to understand the role of endophytes and their interaction with plant hosts. This electronic book covers various research articles highlighting the important developments on endophytes using transcriptomics, next generation sequencing and genomic tools.




New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering


Book Description

This book provides a comprehensive overview of different agriculturally important microorganisms and their role as plant biostimulants. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Trichoderma, Cyanobacteria, Endophytes, and Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria have the potential to promote plant growth, disease management, nutrient acquisition, stress alleviation, and soil health management. Presenting an all-inclusive collection of information, this book will be important for students, academicians, researchers working in the field of sustainable agriculture, microbial technology, and biochemical engineers. It will also be of use for policymakers in the area of food security and sustainable agriculture. - Introduces new microorganisms as plant biostimulants. - Describes potential mechanisms of plant–microbe interaction for stress alleviation and crop improvement. - Provides information about different microbial formulations (consortium) and their application to the alleviation of different abiotic stresses (salt, drought, nutrient deficiency, heavy metal, etc.) in plants. - Discusses about psychrophilic microbes, endophytic microbes, and total plant microbiome and their uses as biostimulants for improving plant health.




Advances in Endophytic Research


Book Description

​In recent years there has been significant attention paid on the endophytic research by various groups working within this domain. Mutualistic endophytic microbes with an emphasis on the relatively understudied fungal endophytes are the focus of this special book. Plants are associated with micro-organisms: endophytic bacteria and fungi, which live inter- and intra-cellularly without inducing pathogenic symptoms, but have active biochemical and genetic interactions with their host. Endophytes play vital roles as plant growth promoters, biocontrol agents, biosurfactant producers, enzymes and secondary metabolite producers, as well as providing a new hidden repertoire of bioactive natural products with uses in pharmaceutical, agrochemical and other biotechnological applications. The increasing interest in endophytic research generates significant progress in our understanding of the host-endophyte relationship at molecular and genetic level. The bio-prospection of microbial endophytes has led to exciting possibilities for their biotechnological application as biocontrol agent, bioactive metabolites, and other useful traits. Apart from these virtues, the microbial endophytes may be adapted to the complex metabolism of many desired molecules that can be of significant industrial applications. These microbes can be a useful alternative for sustainable solutions for ecological control of pests and diseases, and can reduce the burden of excess of chemical fertilizers for this purpose. This book is an attempt to review the recent development in the understanding of microbial endophytes and their potential biotechnological applications. This is a collection of literature authored by noted researchers having signatory status in endophytic research and summarizes the development achieved so far, and future prospects for further research in this fascinating area of research.




New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering


Book Description

Crop Improvement through Microbial Biotechnology explains how certain techniques can be used to manipulate plant growth and development, focusing on the cross-kingdom transfer of genes to incorporate novel phenotypes in plants, including the utilization of microbes at every step, from cloning and characterization, to the production of a genetically engineered plant. This book covers microbial biotechnology in sustainable agriculture, aiming to improve crop productivity under stress conditions. It includes sections on genes encoding avirulence factors of bacteria and fungi, viral coat proteins of plant viruses, chitinase from fungi, virulence factors from nematodes and mycoplasma, insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis, and herbicide tolerance enzymes from bacteria. - Introduces the principles of microbial biotechnology and its application in crop improvement - Lists various new developments in enhancing plant productivity and efficiency - Explains the mechanisms of plant/microbial interactions and the beneficial use of these interactions in crop improvement - Explores various bacteria classes and their beneficial effects in plant growth and efficiency