Public Finances During the Korean Modernization Process


Book Description

This final volume in the series Studies in the Modernization of the Republic of Korea, 1945–1975, is an analysis of the contribution of tax and expenditure policy to Korea’s rapid economic development during the 1953–1975 period. Based upon specially compiled and comprehensive revenue and expenditure data, the authors first trace the history of Korean fiscal policy during the modernization period and then examine how Korea’s fiscal development has differed from that of other countries. The results of the analysis show that Korea did not follow the traditional path of a steadily increasing tax effort, reliance on direct taxes, and emphasis on income distribution. Instead, through improved tax administration and expenditure control, the savings rate was increased dramatically.




Public Finances During the Korean Modernization Process


Book Description

Preliminary Material /Roy Bahl , Kyo Kim Chuk and Kee Park Chong --Budgetary Policies and Performance /Roy Bahl , Kyo Kim Chuk and Kee Park Chong --Fiscal and Economic Development: Korean Versus Traditional Patterns /Roy Bahl , Kyo Kim Chuk and Kee Park Chong --The Development of the Korean Tax Structure /Roy Bahl , Kyo Kim Chuk and Kee Park Chong --Modernization and the Long-Term Growth of Korean Government Expenditures /Roy Bahl , Kyo Kim Chuk and Kee Park Chong --The Distributional Effects of the Korean Budget /Roy Bahl , Kyo Kim Chuk and Kee Park Chong --Korean Public Finances During Modernization: A Summing Up /Roy Bahl , Kyo Kim Chuk and Kee Park Chong --Appendix A /Roy Bahl , Kyo Kim Chuk and Kee Park Chong --Appendix B /Roy Bahl , Kyo Kim Chuk and Kee Park Chong --Notes /Roy Bahl , Kyo Kim Chuk and Kee Park Chong --Bibliography /Roy Bahl , Kyo Kim Chuk and Kee Park Chong --Index /Roy Bahl , Kyo Kim Chuk and Kee Park Chong --Harvard East Asian Monographs /Roy Bahl , Kyo Kim Chuk and Kee Park Chong.




Government, Business, and Entrepreneurship in Economic Development


Book Description

A study of Korea's economic growth and modernization, beginning with Yi Dynasty entepreneurship and extending through the colonial and post-war periods. Separate chapters are devoted to the colonial heritage, the government economic decision-making process; implementation of government policy; public enterprise; private entrepreneurship, including supply of labor and capital and sources of expansion; and private economic power. Case studies of small and medium enterpises and also of chaebol are presnted. Over 70 tables and figures are included.




Managing Industrial Enterprise


Book Description

Based on a conference sponsored by the Joint Committee on Japanese Studies of the American Council of Learned Societies and the Social Science Research Council with support from the Ford Foundation and the National Endowment for the Humanities.




The Inner Opium War


Book Description

Why did defeat in the Opium War not lead Ch'ing China to a more realistic appreciation of Western might and Chinese weakness? James Polachek's revisionist analysis exposes the behind-the-scenes political struggles that not only shaped foreign-policy decisions in the 1830s and 1840s but have continued to affect the history of Chinese nationalism in modern times. Polachek looks closely at the networks of literati and officials, self-consciously reminiscent of the late Ming era that sought and gained the ear of the emperor. Challenging the conventional view that Lin Tse-hsu and his supporters were selfless patriots who acted in China's best interests, Polachek agrues that, for reasons having more to do with their own domestic political agenda, these men advocated a futile policy of militant resistance to the West. Linking political intrigue, scholarly debates, and foreign affairs, local notables in Canton and literati lobbyists in Perking this book sets the Opium War for the first times in its "inner," domestic political context.




Computers, Inc.


Book Description

"This account of efforts to build a domestic Japanese computer industry is enlivened with quotations from industrial leaders commenting on the stages through which Japan has emerged as a world-class competitor. In the late 1950s, Japan was still relying on IBM and other foreign suppliers. After the decision to enter the computer field, the government used protectionism, financial aid, and cooperative R&D projects to assist firms in developing hardware and improving their technology. The establishment of a quasi-public computer rental company to carry the burden of financing rentals played a key role in helping fledgling firms compete with IBM. Marie Anchordoguy shows how government intervention in the market avoided the risks of technological sluggishness by encouraging keen competition among domestic computer firms. She traces the growth of Japanese computer hardware to Japan’s position as an exporter of mainframes and describes some of the problems encountered in producing software. This study provides a clear example of the way in which government–industry cooperation has enhanced Japan’s position in the world market."




The Korean Economy


Book Description

"South Korea has been held out as an economic miracle—as a country that successfully completed the transition from underdeveloped to developed country status—and as an example of how a middle-income country can continue to move up the technology ladder into the production and export of more sophisticated goods and services. But with these successes have come challenges, among them poverty, inequality, long work hours, financial instability, and complaints about the economic and political power of the country’s large corporate conglomerates, or chaebol.The Korean Economy provides an overview of Korean economic experience since the 1950s, with a focus on the period since democratization in 1987. Successive chapters analyze the Korean experience from the perspectives of political economy, the growth record, industrial organization and corporate governance, financial development and instability, labor and employment, inequality and social policy, and Korea’s place in the world economy. A concluding chapter describes the country’s economic challenges going forward and how they can best be met.The volume also serves to summarize the findings of companion volumes in the Harvard–Korean Development Institute series on the Korean economy, also published by the Harvard University Asia Center."




Government by Mourning


Book Description

"From the early seventeenth to the mid-nineteenth century, the Tokugawa shogunate enacted and enforced myriad laws and ordinances to control nearly every aspect of Japanese life, including observance of a person’s death. In particular, the shoguns Tsunayoshi and Yoshimune issued strict decrees on mourning and abstention that dictated compliance throughout the land and survived the political upheaval of the Meiji Restoration to persist well into the twentieth century. Atsuko Hirai reveals the pivotal relationship between these shogunal edicts and the legitimacy of Tokugawa rule. By highlighting the role of narimono chojirei (injunctions against playing musical instruments) within their broader context, she shows how this class of legislation played an important integrative part in Japanese society not only through its comprehensive implementation, especially for national mourning of major political figures, but also by its codification of the religious beliefs and customs that the Japanese people had cherished for innumerable generations."




Economic Development Of Korea


Book Description

The purpose of this book is to provide a systematic and policy-focused analysis of Korea's development performance from a historical perspective. The book begins with post-war reconstruction efforts and extends to recent developments in the Korean economy. Through a comprehensive analysis of Korea's development performance over the last six decades, the book examines in detail how development strategies and policies evolved over time, what were their consequences and underlying factors, and what lessons can be drawn from the Korean experience. A wide range of issues are discussed, including the role of government, capital accumulation, growth and structural change, industrial development and concentration, economic liberalization, human resource and technology development, social development and income distribution. The important features of the Korean development model are highlighted to draw lessons from the Korean experience.




The Japanization of Modernity


Book Description

"Murakami Haruki is perhaps the best-known and most widely translated Japanese author of his generation. Despite Murakami’s critical and commercial success, particularly in the United States, his role as a mediator between Japanese and American literature and culture is seldom discussed. Bringing a comparative perspective to the study of Murakami’s fiction, Rebecca Suter complicates our understanding of the author’s oeuvre and highlights his contributions not only as a popular writer but also as a cultural critic on both sides of the Pacific. Suter concentrates on Murakami’s short stories—less known in the West but equally worthy of critical attention—as sites of some of the author’s bolder experiments in manipulating literary (and everyday) language, honing cross-cultural allusions, and crafting metafictional techniques. This study scrutinizes Murakami’s fictional worlds and their extraliterary contexts through a range of discursive lenses: modernity and postmodernity, universalism and particularism, imperialism and nationalism, Orientalism and globalization. By casting new light on the style and substance of Murakami’s prose, Suter situates the author and his works within the sphere of contemporary Japanese literature and finds him a prominent place within the broader sweep of the global literary scene."