Quantum Statistics and Cooperative Phenomena


Book Description

Quantum statistics of almost classical assemblies -- Statistical theory of low frequency intermolecular forces -- The structure of liquid helium with Robert M. Mazo -- Atomic distribution in liquid helium-3 with Robert M. Mazo -- Statistical thermodynamics of quantum fluids with Robert M. Mazo -- Quantum statistical theory of plasmas and liquid metals with Robert D. Cowan -- Quantum statistical theory of electron correlation with Robert D. Cowan -- Quantum statistics of nonideal systems with Frank H. Stillinger, Jr. -- Order and disorder in binary solid solutions -- Critical behavior of solid solutions in the order-disorder transformation with H.A. Bethe -- Remarks on the hole theory of condensation -- On phase changes in crystals arising from hindered molecular rotation -- Statistical mechanics of cooperative phenomena -- On the theory of fusion with Elizabeth Monroe -- Statistical mechanics of fusion with Elizabeth Monroe -- Note on the theory of fusion with Elizabeth M. Boggs -- Phase transitions in monolayers due to hindered molecular rotation -- Crystallization as a cooperative phenomenon -- Contribution of lattice vibrations to the order-disorder transformation in alloys by Peter J. Wojtowicz.




Cooperative Phenomena


Book Description

The study of cooperative phenomena is one of the dominant features of contem porary physics. Outside physics it has grown to a huge field of interdisciplinary investigation, involving all the natural sciences from physics via biology to socio logy. Yet, during the first few decades following the advent of quantum theory, the pursuit of the single particle or the single atom, as the case may be, has been so fascinating that only a small number of physicists have stressed the importance of collective behaviour. One outstanding personality among these few is Professor HERBERT FROHLICH. He has made an enormous contribution to the modern concept of cooperativity and has stimulated a whole generation of physicists. Therefore, it seemed to the editors very appropriate to dedicate a volume on "cooperative phenomena" to him on the occasion of his official retirement from his university duties. Nevertheless, in the course of carrying out this project, the editors have been somewhat amazed to find that they have covered the essentials of contemporary physics and its im pact on other scientific disciplines. It thus becomes clear how much HERBERT FROHLICH has inspired research workers and has acted as a stimulating discussion partner for others. FROHLICH is one of those exceptional scientists who have wor ked in quite different fields and given them an enormous impetus. Unfortunately, the number of scientists of such distinctive personality has been decreasing in our century.




Quantum Statistics of Linear and Nonlinear Optical Phenomena


Book Description

The quantum statistical properties of radiation represent an important branch of modern physics with rapidly increasing applications in spectroscopy, quantum generators of radiation, optical communication, etc. They have also an increasing role in fields other than pure physics, such as biophysics, psychophysics, biology, etc. Interesting applications have been developed in high energy elementary particle collisions. The present monograph represents an extension and continuation of the previous monograph by this author entitled Coherence of Light (Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, London 1972, translated into Russian in the Publishing House Mir, Moscow 1974, second edition published by D. Reidel, Dordrecht-Boston 1985) and ofa review chapter in Progress in Optics, Vol. 18 (edited by E. Wolf, North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam 1980) as well. It applies the fundamental tools of the coherent-state technique, as described in Coherence of Light, to particular studies of the quantum statistical properties of radiation interacting with matter. In particular. nonlinear optical processes are considered, and purely quantum phenom ena such as antibunching of photons, their sub-Poisson behaviour and squeezing of vacuum fluctuations are discussed. Compared to the first edition of this book, pub lished in 1984, we have added much more information about squeezing of vacuum fluctuations in nonlinear optical process in this second edition; further we have included the description of experiments and their results performed from that time. Also a new brief chapter on nonlinear dynamics and chaos in quantum statistical optics has been included.




Lectures on Quantum Statistics


Book Description




Quantum Theory of Collective Phenomena


Book Description

Systematic three-part treatment covers generalized quantum mechanical framework, statistical thermodynamics, and collective phenomena. "Excellent." — Physics Today. "One of the best introductions to the subject." — Physics Bulletin. 1989 edition.




Cooperative Phenomena in Biology


Book Description

Cooperative Phenomena in Biology deals with cooperation in biology and covers topics such as cooperative specific adsorption; the kinetics of oxygen binding to hemoglobin; allosteric control of cooperative adsorption and conformation changes; and cooperativity in biological surfaces responding to topical treatment. The use of Monte Carlo methods to investigate the behavior of cooperative Ising models is also described. This book is comprised of five chapters and opens with a discussion on the phenomenon of cooperative specific adsorption and its importance for the understanding of fundamental biological phenomena. The derivation of the cooperative specific adsorption isotherm both stochastically and on the basis of statistical mechanics is explained. The next chapter reviews the theory of the allosteric control of cooperative adsorption and conformation changes and outlines a molecular model for physiological activities according to the association-induction hypothesis. The reader is also introduced to a kinetic equation for hemoglobin oxygenation based on the infinite chain; the use of bioelectrometric methods to study solute interactions with biocolloidal surfaces responding to topical treatment; and the use of Monte Carlo computations to determine the behavior of cooperative Ising models. This monograph is intended for biologists, physicists, chemists, and mathematicians.




Applied Quantum Mechanics


Book Description

Quantum mechanics is widely recognized as the basic law which governs all of nature, including all materials and devices. It has always been essential to the understanding of material properties, and as devices become smaller it is also essential for studying their behavior. Nevertheless, only a small fraction of graduate engineers and materials scientists take a course giving a systematic presentation of the subject. The courses for physics students tend to focus on the fundamentals and formal background, rather than on application, and do not fill the need. This invaluable text has been designed to fill the very apparent gap.The book covers those parts of quantum theory which may be necessary for a modern engineer. It focuses on the approximations and concepts which allow estimates of the entire range of properties of nuclei, atoms, molecules, and solids, as well as the behavior of lasers and other quantum-optic devices. It may well prove useful also to graduate students in physics, whose courses on quantum theory tend not to include any of these applications. The material has been the basis of a course taught to graduate engineering students for the past four years at Stanford University.Topics Discussed: Foundations; Simple Systems; Hamiltonian Mechanics; Atoms and Nuclei; Molecules; Crystals; Transitions; Tunneling; Transition Rates; Statistical Mechanics; Transport; Noise; Energy Bands; Electron Dynamics in Solids; Vibrations in Solids; Creation and Annihilation Operators; Phonons; Photons and Lasers; Coherent States; Coulomb Effects; Cooperative Phenomena; Magnetism; Shake-off Excitations; Exercise Problems.




Quantum Statistical Mechanics in the Natural Sciences


Book Description

leagues and, in many cases, students, of Professor Onsager. Professor Onsager, himself, has contributed a paper on Illife in early times" to the volume. Among the topics discussed are some interesting applications of low temperature experimental techniques to cardiology and astrophysics. We would like to express our particular appreciation to Mrs. Helga Billings and Miss Sara Lesser for their excellent typing of these Proceedings and to Mrs. Jacquelyn Zagursky, as well as to Mrs. Billings and Miss Lesser for their invaluable assistance with the details of the conference and the publication of these Proceedings. The Editors CONTENTS Section One BIOLOGY Life in the Early Days Lars Onsager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 The Fluctuating Enzyme Giorgio Careri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Diffusion Control in Biochemical Reactions Manfred Eigen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Phase Transitions of Phospholipids Julian Sturtevant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Theory and Density Measurements of the Lipid Bilayer Phase Transition John F. Nagle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Stability of Helical Nucleic Acids Neville R. Kallenbach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Thermodynamic Perspectives and the Origin of Life Sidney W. Fox. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Section Two STATISTICAL MECHANICS High Frequency Dielectric Response in Dipolar Systems Roberto Lobo, John E. Robinson, Sergio Rodriguez. 143 ix x CONTENTS Exact Derivation of the Onsager Limiting Law Thomas J. Murphy 157 The Effect of Wall Charge on the Capillary Rise of Electrolytes Lars Onsager, Edmund Drauglis 167 Density of States of Topologically Disordered Amorphous Semiconductors Jill C. Bonner, J. F. Nagle 201 Irreversibility Willis E. Lamb, Jr. 213 Surface Specific Heat of Crystals.




Statistical Mechanics


Book Description

Statistical Mechanics, Fourth Edition, explores the physical properties of matter based on the dynamic behavior of its microscopic constituents. This valuable textbook introduces the reader to the historical context of the subject before delving deeper into chapters about thermodynamics, ensemble theory, simple gases theory, Ideal Bose and Fermi systems, statistical mechanics of interacting systems, phase transitions, and computer simulations. In the latest revision, the book's authors have updated the content throughout, including new coverage on biophysical applications, updated exercises, and computer simulations. This updated edition will be an indispensable to students and researchers of statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, and physics. - Retains the valuable organization and trusted coverage of previous market-leading editions - Includes new coverage on biophysical applications and computer simulations - Offers Mathematica files for student use and a secure solutions manual for qualified instructors - Covers Bose-Einstein condensation in atomic gases, Thermodynamics of the early universe, Computer simulations: Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics, Correlation functions and scattering, Fluctuation-dissipation theorem and the dynamical structure factor, and much more




Introduction to the Theory of Critical Phenomena


Book Description

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the theory of phase transitions and critical phenomena. The content covers a period of more than 100 years of theoretical research of condensed matter phases and phase transitions providing a clear interrelationship with experimental problems. It starts from certain basic University knowledge of thermodynamics, statistical physics and quantum mechanics. The text is illustrated with classic examples of phase transitions. Various types of phase transition and (multi)critical points are introduced and explained. The classic aspects of the theory are naturally related with the modern developments. This interrelationship and the field-theoretical renormalization group method are presented in details. The main applications of the renormalization group methods are presented. Special attention is paid to the description of quantum phase transitions. This edition contains a more detailed presentation of the renormalization group method and its applications to particular systems.