Rural Development Strategy Review of Ethiopia


Book Description

Addressing rural development is key for Ethiopia's growth process. A series of government-led structural reforms have contributed to sustained growth in the country over the last two decades as well as to considerable poverty reduction in rural areas. However, Ethiopia faces critical challenges it will need to overcome to meet the needs of a growing rural population. In practice, this will require updating the existing rural development strategy in order to better integrate the interaction of rural and urban areas. Policy approaches that account for the fast urbanisation process experienced in the country will therefore be key to improving the well-being of rural populations and promoting national growth. This report takes a spatial approach to study Ethiopia's rural development strategies. It highlights the need to develop stronger and more functional linkages between rural and urban areas. As such, the development of intermediary cities and small urban centres provides large scope for inclusive rural transformation. The report is the result of rigorous analysis, and extensive consultations with national and international stakeholders. It identifies some of the key challenges faced by rural areas and provides a series of recommendations to enhance Ethiopia's rural development strategies.




A Systematic Review of Rural Development Research


Book Description

Rapid urbanisation, inequalities in income and service levels within and between communities, and population and economic decline are challenging the viability of rural communities worldwide. Achieving healthy and viable rural communities in the face of rapidly changing social, ecological and economic conditions is a declared global priority. As a result, governments all over the world, in both developed and developing countries, are now prioritizing rural and regional development through policies and programs aimed at enhancing the livelihoods of people living in rural regions. In recognition of the important roles that research can play in rural development, a range of systematic literature reviews have rightly examined key priorities in rural development including education, gender, economic development (especially agriculture), and health and nutrition (see Department for International Development [DFID], 2011). However, none of these works has systematically examined the extent to which rural development as a field of research is progressing towards facilitating sustainable change. This book evaluates trends in rural development research across the five continental regions of the world. Specifically, it assesses the total publication output relating to rural development, the types of publications, their quality and impact over the last three decades. Additionally, it evaluates the continental origins of the publications as well as the extent to which such publications engage with issues of sustainability. The aim is to determine whether the rural development field is growing in a manner that reflects research and policy priorities and broader social trends such as sustainability. Development policy makers, practitioners, those teaching research methods and systematic literature reviews to undergraduate and graduate students, and researchers in general will find the book both topical and highly relevant.




Lost Lands?


Book Description

Indigenous peoples in international law --Historical overview --"Indigenous peoples" : term, concepts, and definitions --Differentiation from the term "Minority" --Special indigenous rights or special circumstances? : indigenous protection standards, rights of freedom, and self-determination --Sources of law --Binding norms --ILO convention 169 --UN convention on biological diversity --"Soft law" instruments --Agenda 21, chapter 26 (1992) --UN declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples --Declarations and policies of various international bodies --Indigenous rights as part of customary international law --"Sources of Life" : lands and natural resources --Material standards of protection --Cause of action --The relationship between indigenous peoples and their territories --Collective land rights --Scope of indigenous territories --Restriction of alienation and disposal --Universal human rights treaties --Right of ownership --Right to culture --Right to private and family life --Jurisdiction of international monitoring bodies --Human rights committee --Committee on the elimination of racial discrimination --Sources of freedom and equality : self-determination --"Being indigenous in Africa" : legal developments of indigenous peoples law in Africa --Historical overview --Nature conservation v. human rights protection --African initiatives for the protection of indigenous rights --"Indigenous peoples in Africa" : applying the concept --Indigenous rights in the African context --Regional indigenous rights --The African charter on human and peoples' rights --The African commission on human and peoples' rights --The African court on human and peoples' rights --National indigenous rights --Selected constitutional guarantees --Jurisdiction using the example of South Africa --The case of the ... Khomani San --Richtersveld case --Excursus : "Aboriginal title" --"Aboriginal title" before the South African constitutional --Court --"Hoodia Gordonii" case --Legal perspectives of San Communities --Terminology : San, "Bushmen", Basarwa, Khoesan, N/oakwe or Kwe? --Historical overview until the end of colonial times --Regional historical differences --Botswana --Namibia --South Africa --The "Northern San" --Refiections on indigenous legal perspectives and world views --Botswana : state and society --Sociopolitical history --Pre-colonial phase --Protectorate bechuanaland --Republic of botswana --Sources of law and legal pluralism --Constitutional law --Customary law --Common and statutory law --International law --Fundamental and human rights --San in Botswana --San as citizens : Basarwa and/or Batswana? --Dominant views of the San in Botswana --Development policies --Remote area development programme --Community based natural resource management --Development : nature conservation : a contradiction? --NGO initiatives --National San NGOs --Regional San NGOs --"The lost lands" : relocation from the central Kalahari game reserve --History of the central Kalahari game reserve --The relocation of the G wi and Gana (San) --The legal dispute over the (temporarily?) "Lost lands" --Roy Sesana v. government of Botswana --Termination of basic and essential services --Restoration of basic and essential services --Lawful occupation --Deprivation of land possession --Special game licences --Access to the central Kalahari game reserve (CKGR) --Conclusions --Consequences of the high Court's decision : summary --The legal dispute over access to water --Matsipane Mosetlhanyane, Gakenyatsiwe Matsipane & further applicants v. Attorney general of Botswana --Matsipane Mosetlhanyane & Gakenyatsiwe Matsipane v. Attorney General of Botswana, court of appeal --Consequences of the courts' decisions : summary --Conclusion --The return of the outlaws : an Epilogue by Werner zips --Appendix --Examples of indigenous peoples in Africa (not exhaustive!) --Abbreviations --Bibliography --(Selected) legal texts --International instruments --National laws, regulations and policies --Court cases --Interviews --Index of figures --Index --About the authors.




Analysis of agriculture and rural development policy in Albania


Book Description

Albania is on the road to accession to the European Union. In this pre-accession period, the role of agricultural and rural development policy is crucial in order to prepare a viable farming sector that can withstand competitive pressures in the single market after joining the European Union. The economic and financial opportunities that the European Union provides through accessing the single market and the instruments of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) are additional strong incentives to prepare the agricultural sector for European Union integration. In order to maximize the benefits of the single market and of CAP measures, Albania needs to adjust agriculture support policies and align them to the CAP. In recent years, Albania has been making efforts to reform its agricultural and rural development policy and align it with the European Union CAP. The vision of the agricultural policy is based on the priorities of the Inter-sectorial Strategy for Agriculture and Rural Development (ISARD) 2014–2020, the National Strategy for Development and Integration (NSDI-II) 2015–2020, the National Programme for European Integration (NPEI) 2019–2021, GoA Program 2017–2020, as well as the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) priorities.







Local Governments and Rural Development


Book Description

Despite the recent economic upswing in many Latin American countries, rural poverty rates in the region have actually increased during the past two decades. Experts blame excessively centralized public administrations for the lackluster performance of public policy initiatives. In response, decentralization reformshave become a common government strategy for improving public sector performance in rural areas. The effect of these reforms is a topic of considerable debate among government officials, policy scholars, and citizensÕ groups. This book offers a systematic analysis of how local governments and farmer groups in Latin America are actually faring today. Based on interviews with more than 1,200 mayors, local officials, and farmers in 390 municipal territories in four Latin American nations, the authors analyze the ways in which different forms of decentralization affect the governance arrangements for rural development Òon the ground.Ó Their comparative analysis suggests that rural development outcomes are systemically linked to locally negotiated institutional arrangementsÑformal and informalÑbetween government officials, NGOs, and farmer groups that operate in the local sphere. They find that local-government actors contribute to public services that better assist the rural poor when local actors cooperate to develop their own institutional arrangements for participatory planning, horizontal learning, and the joint production of services. This study brings substantive data and empirical analysis to a discussion that has, until now, more often depended on qualitative research in isolated cases. With more than 60 percent of Latin AmericaÕs rural population living in poverty, the results are both timely and crucial.




OECD Rural Policy Reviews: England, United Kingdom 2011


Book Description

This book reviews governance structures and decentralisation; delivering public services; economic development; and the importance of improving connectivity in rural areas of the UK.




Unfolding Webs


Book Description




OECD Rural Policy Reviews: Chile 2014


Book Description

This report looks at rural policy in Chile, examining the main trends in rural regions, policies and governance arrangements.