Risk Analysis for Process Plant, Pipelines and Transport


Book Description

Risk Analysis for Process Plants, Pipelines and Transport gives a detailed description of practical risk and safety analysis methods, tried and tested in over 100 process industry projects. The aim is to provide the methods and data needed by practising safety engineers, as well as practical advice on how to use them.




Guidelines for Evaluating Process Plant Buildings for External Explosions, Fires, and Toxic Releases


Book Description

Siting of permanent and temporary buildings in process areas requires careful consideration of potential effects of explosions and fires arising from accidental release of flammable materials. This book, which updates the 1996 edition, provides a single-source reference that explains the American Petroleum Institute (API) permanent (752) and temporary (753) building recommended practices and details how to implement them. New coverage on toxicity and updated standards are also highlighted. Practical and easy-to-use, this reliable guide is a must-have for implementing safe building practices.




Human Error in Process Plant Design and Operations


Book Description

In contrast to nuclear plants and aerospace systems, human error is largely ignored in quantitative risk assessment for petroleum and chemical plants. Because of this, current risk analysis methods are able to calculate and predict only about one-third of the accidents happening in practice. Human Error in Process Plant Design and Operations: A Pra




Integrating Safety and Security Management to Protect Chemical Industrial Areas from Domino Effects


Book Description

This book provides insight into domino effects in industrial chemical sites and process industries. It is about the integration of safety and security resources to prevent and mitigate domino effects in the process industries. It explains how chemical industrial areas, comprised of various hazardous installations, are susceptible to a chain of undesired events, or domino effects, triggered by accidental events or intentional attacks and then presents solutions to prevent them. Firstly, the book provides a dynamic graph approach to model the domino effects induced by accidental fire or intentional fire, considering the spatial-temporal evolution of fires. Then, a dynamic risk assessment method based on a discrete dynamic event tree is proposed to assess the likelihood of VCEs and the vulnerability of installations, addressing the time dependencies in vapor cloud dispersion and the uncertainty of delayed ignitions. A dynamic methodology based on dynamic graphs and Monte Carlo is provided to assess the vulnerability of individuals and installations exposed to multi-hazards, such as fire, explosion and toxic release during escalation events. Based on these domino effect models, an economic approach is developed to integrate safe and security resources, obtaining the most cost–benefit protection strategy for preventing domino effects. Finally, a resilience-based approach is provided to find out the most cost-resilient way to protect chemical industrial areas, addressing possible domino effects. This integrated approach will be of interest to researchers, industrial engineers, chemical engineers and safety managers and will help professionals to new solutions in the area of safety and security.




Cleaner Technologies and Cleaner Products for Sustainable Development


Book Description

Contributors from twenty-two nations address various projects in their native countries to either develop, demonstrate, or facilitate the adoption of cleaner technologies and cleaner products. Reviewing the environmental situation in their respective countries and discussing the development and adoption of pollution prevention technologies, the authors provide thought-provoking and incisive treatments of the subject. An extremely comprehensive index enables the reader to retrieve focus on the information of interest quickly and efficiently.




Barriers and Accident Prevention


Book Description

Accidents are preventable, but only if they are correctly described and understood. Since the mid-1980s accidents have come to be seen as the consequence of complex interactions rather than simple threads of causes and effects. Yet progress in accident models has not been matched by advances in methods. The author's work in several fields (aviation, power production, traffic safety, healthcare) made it clear that there is a practical need for constructive methods and this book presents the experiences and the state-of-the-art. The focus of the book is on accident prevention rather than accident analysis and unlike other books, has a proactive rather than reactive approach. The emphasis on design rather than analysis is a trend also found in other fields. Features of the book include: -A classification of barrier functions and barrier systems that will enable the reader to appreciate the diversity of barriers and to make informed decisions for system changes. -A perspective on how the understanding of accidents (the accident model) largely determines how the analysis is done and what can be achieved. The book critically assesses three types of accident models (sequential, epidemiological, systemic) and compares their strengths and weaknesses. -A specific accident model that captures the full complexity of systemic accidents. One consequence is that accidents can be prevented through a combination of performance monitoring and barrier functions, rather than through the elimination or encapsulation of causes. -A clearly described methodology for barrier analysis and accident prevention. Written in an accessible style, Barriers and Accident Prevention is designed to provide a stimulating and practical guide for industry professionals familiar with the general ideas of accidents and human error. The book is directed at those involved with accident analysis and system safety, such as managers of safety departments, risk and safety consultants, human factors professionals, and accident investigators. It is applicable to all major application areas such as aviation, ground transportation, maritime, process industries, healthcare and hospitals, communication systems, and service providers.




Corporate Environmental Accountability in Nigeria


Book Description

This book examines the imperative role of global environmental governance, and the need to incorporate corporate environmental accountability and mechanisms for enforcement, to effectively address the global environmental crisis. The author, Felix Moses Edoho, Sr., examines the issues at the various global, national, and regional levels. In Part I the book examines the issues at the global level and looks at the impact of transnational corporations (TNCs) and globalization on the global environmental crisis. Furthermore, it also examines the efforts of the United Nations in initiating global environmental architecture to tackle the crisis. Part II considers the issues at the national level and focuses on Nigeria. The author explores Nigeria’s regulatory and institutional framework for environmental governance and implementation. Lastly, at the regional level in Part III, the discourse centers on how decades of oil exploration and production have unleashed monumental ecological tragedies in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria due to the lack of corporate environmental accountability. This book will be of great interest to academics and students who are interested in broadening their knowledge of environmental governance and policy in developing countries. It will also be of value to environmental regulatory agencies and public administrators, development professionals, and TNCs.




Lees' Loss Prevention in the Process Industries


Book Description

Over the last three decades the process industries have grown very rapidly, with corresponding increases in the quantities of hazardous materials in process, storage or transport. Plants have become larger and are often situated in or close to densely populated areas. Increased hazard of loss of life or property is continually highlighted with incidents such as Flixborough, Bhopal, Chernobyl, Three Mile Island, the Phillips 66 incident, and Piper Alpha to name but a few. The field of Loss Prevention is, and continues to, be of supreme importance to countless companies, municipalities and governments around the world, because of the trend for processing plants to become larger and often be situated in or close to densely populated areas, thus increasing the hazard of loss of life or property. This book is a detailed guidebook to defending against these, and many other, hazards. It could without exaggeration be referred to as the "bible" for the process industries. This is THE standard reference work for chemical and process engineering safety professionals. For years, it has been the most complete collection of information on the theory, practice, design elements, equipment, regulations and laws covering the field of process safety. An entire library of alternative books (and cross-referencing systems) would be needed to replace or improve upon it, but everything of importance to safety professionals, engineers and managers can be found in this all-encompassing reference instead. Frank Lees' world renowned work has been fully revised and expanded by a team of leading chemical and process engineers working under the guidance of one of the world’s chief experts in this field. Sam Mannan is professor of chemical engineering at Texas A&M University, and heads the Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center at Texas A&M. He received his MS and Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the University of Oklahoma, and joined the chemical engineering department at Texas A&M University as a professor in 1997. He has over 20 years of experience as an engineer, working both in industry and academia. New detail is added to chapters on fire safety, engineering, explosion hazards, analysis and suppression, and new appendices feature more recent disasters. The many thousands of references have been updated along with standards and codes of practice issued by authorities in the US, UK/Europe and internationally. In addition to all this, more regulatory relevance and case studies have been included in this edition. Written in a clear and concise style, Loss Prevention in the Process Industries covers traditional areas of personal safety as well as the more technological aspects and thus provides balanced and in-depth coverage of the whole field of safety and loss prevention. * A must-have standard reference for chemical and process engineering safety professionals * The most complete collection of information on the theory, practice, design elements, equipment and laws that pertain to process safety * Only single work to provide everything; principles, practice, codes, standards, data and references needed by those practicing in the field




Smart Process Plants: Software and Hardware Solutions for Accurate Data and Profitable Operations


Book Description

A Detailed Guide to the New Generation of Smart Process Plants Maximize plant profitability by minimizing operating costs. Smart Process Plants addresses measurements and the data they generate, error-free process variable estimation, control, fault detection, instrumentation upgrade, and maintenance optimization, and then connects these activities to plant economics. Methods for calculating the value of the information produced are included. The book discusses optimal instrumentation type, quality, precision, and location along with preventive maintenance techniques. Practical examples throughout the book demonstrate how to perform essential calculations. Smart Process Plants covers: Measurement instrument performance and measurement errors Variable classification and canonical representation Linear, nonlinear, and dynamic data reconciliation Gross error detection, equivalency, size elimination, and estimation Accuracy of estimators Value of accuracy, control strategies, parametric fault identification, and instrumentation upgrade Maintenance optimization




Risk Engineering


Book Description

Industrial development is essential to improvement of the standard of living in all countries. People's health and the environment can be affected, directly or indirectly by routine waste discharges or by accidents. A series of recent major industrial accidents and the effect of pollution highlighted, once again, the need for better management of routine and accidental risks. Moreover, the existence of natural hazards complicate even more the situation in any given region. In the past effort to cope with these risks, if made at all, have been largely on a plant by plant basis; some plants are well equipped to manage environmental and health hazards, while others are not. Managing the hazards of modern technological systems has become a key activity in highly industrialised countries. Decision makers are often confronted with complex issues concerning economic and social development, industrialisation and associated infrastructure needs, population and land use planning. Such issues have to be addressed in such a way that ensures that public health will not be disrupted or substantially degraded. Due to the increasing complexity of technological systems and the higher geographical density of punctual hazard sources, new methodologies and a novel approach to these problems are challenging risk managers and regional planers. Risks from these new complex technological systems are inherently different form those addressed by the risk managers for decades ago.