Schools and Schooling Practices in Pakistan


Book Description

Schools are places where culture is transmitted to the new generation. Culture is produced, reproduced and transformed in the process. Therefore, societies pay close attention to schooling experiences of their future generations. In Pakistani schools teaching and learning processes have long been criticized for their poor quality. This book presents research based evidence of 'good practice' in teaching and teacher education which on the one hand challenges the state of despair by offering a ray of hope in improving the quality of school education in Pakistan. On the other hand, these critical accounts of innovative practices, grounded in the reality of schools and classrooms in varied contexts, invite the readers to think about contexts and conditions that may need to be established for scaling up these and similar kind of reform efforts for improving teaching and teacher education practices for school improvement in Pakistan and similar settings elsewhere.




Educational Policies in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan


Book Description

In the mountains of the Northern Pakistan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan School and schooling are both symbolic of wider ranging cultural and political battles over morals, modernity, development, gender and the rule of law. Educational Policies in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan: Contested Terrain in the Twenty-First Century is about both the normative battles over the purpose of education, as well as about the structural impediments to providing instruction in those remote and challenging locations where it is attempted. The analytical frames in this collection come primarily from the social sciences and comparative education. Contributors examine education, policy, processes and structures in the broader socio-cultural, religious and economic context of three countries sharing somewhat similar colonial and post- colonial legacy and current uprising of extreme religious positions and a drive to social-cohesion.




Hope Or Despair?


Book Description

Hope or Despair? asks what promotes and what holds back student learning in Pakistan's government-sponsored primary schools. Using a national sample of schools, students, teachers, and supervisors, it shows how learning is affected by student background, teachers and teaching, school supervision, facilities, and innovation. It is the first book to use achievement tests based on the national curriculum to show influences on learning in the primary schools of an entire developing country. The study also explores why some students complete primary school and others do not. The overall quality of education in Pakistan's government primary schools is low, but student learning rises with the teacher's formal education and with certain teaching practices. Student social class, a strong influence on learning in the United States, makes little difference in Pakistan. Whether the teacher is male or female has no relationship to learning in science, but it does affect achievement in mathematics. Neither supervision nor school facilities are related to achievement. This unique study will be of great interest to those concerned with schooling effectiveness in developing countries as well as to economists, sociologists, and political scientists interested in human resources in those countries.







Early Childhood and Development Work


Book Description

This edited volume provides a critical account of the theories and policies that have informed work in the field of early childhood and explores how they have operated in practice. Underpinning the theoretical debates are the familiar tensions between global norms and local contexts; increasing inequality alongside economic progress, and the increasing prominence of business and the private sector in delivering aid programs. The authors offer a profound critique on an increasingly important topic and discuss alternative models of policy and practice.




Educational Leadership in Pakistan


Book Description

This pioneering book on educational leadership brings together 14 studies undertaken by the researchers directly or indirectly related to AKU-IED in Pakistan. First of its kind, it will be of interest to a wide range of readers, including theoreticians, practitioners, researchers and policy makers in the area of educational leadership at school and university levels.




Education Policies in Pakistan


Book Description

The book analyses the sociopolitical context to understand the processes of planning and implementing education policies. The major themes covered are vision and goals, universal primary education, literacy, female education, language issues, higher education, technical and vocational education, special education, religious and madrassah education, curricula and textbook, and teachers and teacher education. Each theme is tracked through policies set in motion from 1947 to 2009, when the last education policy was offered.




The Policy and Practice of English Medium of Instruction (EMI) in Pakistani Universities


Book Description

This book discusses the perceptions of staff and students with regards to the policy and practice of English as the medium of instruction (EMI) in Pakistani universities. Findings from qualitative and quantitative data collected in two public universities are compared to identify perceptions of problems concerning English as a medium of instruction for postgraduate study. The research also examines participants’ attitudes towards the use of Pakistani English (PakE), a distinct variety of English different from other dialects such as American English and British English in its various linguistic features, in higher education settings. The findings explore the gap between the policy and practice of EMI, and expose various multi-layered and inevitable issues.




Anticipating and Preparing for Emerging Skills and Jobs


Book Description

This open access book analyzes the main drivers that are influencing the dramatic evolution of work in Asia and the Pacific and identifies the implications for education and training in the region. It also assesses how education and training philosophies, curricula, and pedagogy can be reshaped to produce workers with the skills required to meet the emerging demands of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The book’s 40 articles cover a wide range of topics and reflect the diverse perspectives of the eminent policy makers, practitioners, and researchers who authored them. To maximize its potential impact, this Springer-Asian Development Bank co-publication has been made available as open access.




Learning, Social Interaction and Diversity – Exploring Identities in School Practices


Book Description

The main idea of the book is to contribute to a broader understanding of learning, identity and diversity by presenting actual research findings that were retrieved from classroom settings and related social practices. Learning is to a large extent an ongoing social process as both students and their teachers learn by being part of shared social practices through social interactions that facilitate learning gains. Sociocultural research shows that the organization of schooling promotes or restricts learning, and is a crucial factor to understand how children from a diversity of backgrounds profit from instruction. This is a first urgent issue to be considered by teachers and teacher education in our socio and culturally diverse society. A second issue is the on-going debate about learning as a process that involves the construction of identities in schools and classrooms, and in the transitions between school and home practices. Last but not least, since school practices can be addressed from the perspective of diversity and special educational needs an on-going discussion about optimizing pedagogical approaches is of main importance to allow maximum educational effectiveness. Our potential audience for this book are researchers, post-graduate students in education and psychology, teachers, teacher education, other academics and policy makers.