Science of Synthesis: Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling


Book Description

Comprehensive overview of strategies and applications of cross-dehydrogenative coupling methods Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling (CDC) represents a type of coupling reaction for the construction of a C−C bond or C−heteroatom (C–X) bond directly from C−H and X−H bonds present in the precursors. Since this genre of coupling reaction obviates the need for substrate prefunctionalization, it has an added advantage of high efficiency, atom economy, and environmental friendliness. CDC reactions are triggered by transition-metal catalysts or simply by an oxidants, or by either photocatalysis or electrocatalysis, leading to a hetero- or homo-coupled products with the removal of two hydrogens. Over the years, several CDC strategies have been developed that has made it possible to construct bonds between carbon-hydrogen (C–H) bonds of diverse hybridization. CDC has also streamlined the synthesis and functionalization of various nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur-containing heterocycles. This volume features a series of chapters systematically covering methods and strategies in CDC, organized primarily on the type of bond being formed. In addition, particular aspects of CDC are highlighted in devoted chapters on topics such as mechanistic aspects, electrochemical and flow methods, transformations in water, natural product synthesis, and enantioselective protocols.




Science of Synthesis: Advances in Organoboron Chemistry towards Organic Synthesis


Book Description

The widespread use of organoboron compounds justifies the efforts devoted to their synthesis, as well as toward developing an understanding of their reactivity. The nature of the mono- or diboron species is of paramount importance in determining the reversible covalent binding properties of the boron atom with both nucleophiles and electrophiles. By wedding the rich chemical potential of organoboron compounds to the ubiquity of organic scaffolds, advanced borylation reactions have the potential to open unprecedented synthetic alternatives, and new knowledge in the field should encourage chemists to use organoboron compounds. In this volume, the main objective is to provide a collection of the most useful, practical, and reliable methods, reported mainly within the last decade, for boron activation and boron reactivity. The volume covers the main concepts of organoboron compounds and includes experimental procedures, enabling newcomers to the field the instant and reliable application of the new tools in synthesis. Rather than aiming for a comprehensive coverage, the most advanced solutions for challenging transformations are introduced. To this end, a team of pioneers and leaders in the field have been assembled who discuss both the practical and conceptual aspects of this rapidly growing field.




Science of Synthesis: Click Chemistry


Book Description

This reference work presents the state-of-the-art in the field of click chemistry, collecting the most useful, practical, and reliable methods. Click chemistry is a discipline that has grown rapidly since the introduction of this term by Barry Sharpless and Huisgen approximately two decades ago. Initially, click reactions mostly involved copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions and their applications to connect molecules, but gradually new types of click reactions were developed which also allowed a much wider range of applications throughout the chemical, biological, and materials sciences. This volume provides an overview of the most widely used click reactions and their scope and limitations. Written by pioneers and leaders in the field and including representative applications and experimental procedures. Newcomers to the field are enabled to instantly apply these reactions in synthesis.




Heterocycles Via Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling


Book Description

This book discusses the developments in the synthesis and functionalization of different heterocycles based on the formation of carbon-carbon (C-C) and carbon-heteroatom (C-X) bonds using cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC). Consisting of 13 chapters, the book systematically describes the advances in the synthesis and functionalization of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur-containing heterocycles. It also discusses the various mechanistic pathways to help readers gain an in-depth understanding of the CDC reactions of heterocycles. Lastly, in order to promote green chemistry, it addresses a range of metal-free CDC reactions of heterocycles - an area that has attracted significant attention in both academic and industrial research.




Science of Synthesis: Dual Catalysis in Organic Synthesis 1


Book Description

The field of dual catalysis has developed rapidly over the last decade, and these volumes define its impact on organic synthesis. The most important, basic concepts of synergistic, dual catalytic cycles are introduced, providing newcomers to the field with reliable information on this new approach to facilitating the synthesis of organic molecules. Background information and reliable procedures for challenging transformations in synthesis are presented, applying the concept of cooperative dual catalysis as a means of increasing molecular complexity in the most efficient manner. The most useful, practical, and reliable methods for dual catalysis combining metal catalysts, organocatalysts, photocatalysts, and biocatalysts are presented.




Mechanochemical Organic Synthesis


Book Description

Mechanochemical Organic Synthesis is a comprehensive reference that not only synthesizes the current literature but also offers practical protocols that industrial and academic scientists can immediately put to use in their daily work. Increasing interest in green chemistry has led to the development of numerous environmentally-friendly methodologies for the synthesis of organic molecules of interest. Amongst the green methodologies drawing attention, mechanochemistry is emerging as a promising method to circumvent the use of toxic solvents and reagents as well as to increase energy efficiency. The development of synthetic strategies that require less, or the minimal, amount of energy to carry out a specific reaction with optimum productivity is of vital importance for large-scale industrial production. Experimental procedures at room temperature are the mildest reaction conditions (essentially required for many temperature-sensitive organic substrates as a key step in multi-step sequence reactions) and are the core of mechanochemical organic synthesis. This green synthetic method is now emerging in a very progressive manner and until now, there is no book that reviews the recent developments in this area. - Features cutting-edge research in the field of mechanochemical organic synthesis for more sustainable reactions - Integrates advances in green chemistry research into industrial applications and process development - Focuses on designing techniques in organic synthesis directed toward mild reaction conditions - Includes global coverage of mechanochemical synthetic protocols for the generation of organic compounds




Science of Synthesis Knowledge Updates 2012 Vol. 4


Book Description

The Science of Synthesis Editorial Board, together with the volume editors and authors, is constantly reviewing the whole field of synthetic organic chemistry as presented in Science of Synthesis and evaluating significant developments in synthetic methodology. Four annual volumes updating content across all categories ensure that you always have access to state-of-the-art synthetic methodology.




Science of Synthesis: Catalytic Transformations via C-H Activation Vol. 2


Book Description

The reference work "Science of Synthesis: Catalytic Transformations via C-H Activation" covers the state of the art in C-H activation chemistry. Experts in the field present the best synthetic methods including typical or general experimental procedures. As such, this two volume set can serve as both a basis for the practical application of the techniques discussed, and as an educational resource to lay the foundations for future research. Volume 2 concerns the formation of C-C bonds by C-H activation of non-(het)arene substrates as well as C-H activation using special reagents or techniques. The formation of C-heteroatom bonds by predominantly arene C-H activation is also reviewed. For C-C bond formation, the material is subdivided into allylic, alkyl, and double C-H activation techniques, coupling using carbenes or radicals, and carbonylation or carboxylation processes.




Cross-coupling Reactions


Book Description

"Cross-Coupling Reactions: An Overview opens with an overview of the fundamentals and applications of the young and fast developing area of transition metal catalyzed/mediated oxidative (dehydrogenative) C-H/C-H coupling reactions between two (hetero)arenes. Continuing, the authors highlight the recent advances regarding the ligand supported transition metal-catalyzed domino (cascade) or one-pot syntheses of various heterocycles involving cross-coupling reactions. The recent advances in Cu catalyzed tandem reactions for heterocycle synthesis are also addressed. Cu metal chemistry has garnered attention as a potential alternative to precious transition metals, being cheaper, more sustainable and more easily available. A comprehensive account of research on green chemical routes is provided, involving various palladium metal-based catalysts utilized in facilitating cross-coupling reaction in aqueous media. Reported decarboxylative cross-coupling reactions are discussed along with suitable examples, focusing on their mechanism of action"--




Science of Synthesis: Free Radicals: Fundamentals and Applications in Organic Synthesis 2


Book Description

Radically enhance your progress in organic synthesis Radical chemistry has undergone a renaissance in recent years. These two volumes will make the key developments accessible to a broad range of organic chemists. They cover both the generation of radicals and their use. The editors, Prof. Louis Fensterbank and Dr. Cyril Ollivier, are experts in radical chemistry and its application to organic synthesis. Find out all about the generation and use of radicals The two-volume set describes the fundamentals of radical chemistry and its application in organic synthesis. It includes practical examples of the generation of a variety of organic radicals. You will find critically reviewed, reliable and ready-to-use information on the use of radicals in: "single-electron transfer" "hydrogen-atom transfer" radical functionalization and cross-coupling processes. By understanding the fundamental reactivities of radicals, they can be harnessed for atom-efficient and green reactions.