Scientific and Technical Assessment Report on Cadmium


Book Description

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was introduced on December 2, 1970 by President Richard Nixon. The agency is charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. The EPA's struggle to protect health and the environment is seen through each of its official publications. These publications outline new policies, detail problems with enforcing laws, document the need for new legislation, and describe new tactics to use to solve these issues. This collection of publications ranges from historic documents to reports released in the new millennium, and features works like: Bicycle for a Better Environment, Health Effects of Increasing Sulfur Oxides Emissions Draft, and Women and Environmental Health.




Toxicologic Assessment of the Army's Zinc Cadmium Sulfide Dispersion Tests


Book Description

During the 1950s and 1960s, the U.S. Army conducted atmospheric dispersion tests in many American cities using fluorescent particles of zinc cadmium sulfide (ZnCdS) to develop and verify meteorological models to estimate the dispersal of aerosols. Upon learning of the tests, many citizens and some public health officials in the affected cities raised concerns about the health consequences of the tests. This book assesses the public health effects of the Army's tests, including the toxicity of ZnCdS, the toxicity of surrogate cadmium compounds, the environmental fate of ZnCdS, the extent of public exposures from the dispersion tests, and the risks of such exposures.







Cadmium in the Human Environment


Book Description

Cadmium is widely dispersed in the environment. Human exposure to low levels occur as a result of natural processes as well as human activities such as mining, smelting, fossil fuel combustion and industrial use. Pollution of the general environment by cadmium has as yet only been related to the development of human disease in some special situations, such as itai-itai disease and renal dysfunction in Belgium and in China. However, the possibility of more widespread contamination and greater mobility of cadmium in the environment on the one hand and the advent of new data concerning the carcinogenicity of cadmium on the other, make this review of the "state of the art" in human risk identification and assessment timely. Recent studies on human exposure to cadmium metabolism and toxicology, renal dysfunction and related effects, and experimental and epidemiological evidence for carcinogenicity of cadmium are described.




Toxicologic Assessment of the Army's Zinc Cadmium Sulfide Dispersion Tests


Book Description

This report begins by providing an overview of demographic modeling, including the strengths and weaknesses of this technique. Then the elements of the model are developed (e.g., workforce inflows and outflows are defined) and the data set used for estimation of the model--the Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR)--is described. Next, the calculation of transition rates for various life changes (e.g., retirement, changing profession) is described. At this point, the model is used to make retroactive projections that are tested against real data from the SDR. Finally, the panel presents recommendations for further work that is needed to develop the model so that it can be used to project the needs for biomedical and behavioral scientists. The report evaluates whether exposure to zinc cadmium sulfide caused adverse health effects in exposed people. This summary report was prepared to give information to concerned citizens about zinc cadmium sulfide, especially about the human health effects that might result from exposure to it. It supplements the technical document and provides answers to commonly asked questions.




Toxicologic Assessment of the Army's Zinc Cadmium Sulfide Dispersion Tests


Book Description

During the 1950s and 1960s, the U.S. Army conducted atmospheric dispersion tests in many American cities using fluorescent particles of zinc cadmium sulfide (ZnCdS) to develop and verify meteorological models to estimate the dispersal of aerosols. Upon learning of the tests, many citizens and some public health officials in the affected cities raised concerns about the health consequences of the tests. This book assesses the public health effects of the Army's tests, including the toxicity of ZnCdS, the toxicity of surrogate cadmium compounds, the environmental fate of ZnCdS, the extent of public exposures from the dispersion tests, and the risks of such exposures.




ORD Publications Summary


Book Description