Plasma Spectroscopy


Book Description

Plasma Spectroscopy develops the foundation of spectroscopy for plasmas containing quasi-monochromatic electric fields in the microwaves or optical range. This topic is of major importance for plasma spectroscopy and the diagnostic of technological microwave and radiofrequency discharges, plasma lasers of microwave, optical, and x-ray ranges, pulsed discharges employed as advanced radiation sources, magnetic and laser fusion, and ionospheric and astrophysical plasmas. This monograph presents novel nonlinear-optical methods for theoretical analysis of radiation of quantum systems in media, describes principles for measuring the field and plasma parameters, and discusses their practical applications.







Stark Broadening of Hydrogen and Hydrogenlike Spectral Lines in Plasmas


Book Description

The Stark broadening of spectral lines in plasmas belongs to the highest level of plasma spectroscopy and is consequently its most complicated subject. This book presents analytical advances into this problem, thus yielding a physical insight.




Plasma Diagnostics


Book Description

Market: Plasma physicists and students. Upon publication in 1968, Plasma Diagnostics represented the most up- to-date survey of the experimental methods used in plasma analysis, including the necessary theoretical background. This work emphasizes spectroscopic techniques along with in-depth sections on laser techniques and electric and magnetic probe methods. The evaluation of collision and transport cross sections, heat and electrical conductivity, and viscosity are some of the many applications of plasma diagnostics reviewed as well. This long-awaited reprint volume is of interest to both physicists and students of theoretical physics as it deals with plasma theory from a fundamental point of view, stressing a careful derivation and discussion of the equations.




Handbook of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy


Book Description

Starting from fundamentals and moving through a thorough discussion of equipment, methods, and techniques, the Handbook of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy provides a unique reference source that will be of value for many years to come for this important new analysis method. The authors, with a total of over 60 years of experience in the LIBS method, use a combination of tutorial discussions ranging from basic principles up to more advanced descriptions along with extensive figures and photographs to clearly explain topics addressed in the text. In this second edition, chapters on the use of statistical analysis and advances in detection of weapons of mass destruction have been added. Tables of data related to analysis with LIBS have been updated. The Handbook of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, Second Edition: provides a thorough but understandable discussion of the basic principles of the method based on atomic emission spectroscopy, including recently available data leading to better characterization of the LIBS plasma; presents a discussion of the many advantages of the method along with limitations, to provide the reader a balanced overview of capabilities of the method; describes LIBS instrumentation ranging from basic set-ups to more advanced configurations; presents a comprehensive discussion of the different types of components (laser, spectrometers, detectors) that can be used for LIBS apparatuses along with suggestions for their use, as well as an up-to-date treatment of the newest advances and capabilities of LIBS instruments; presents the analytical capabilities of the method in terms of detection limits, accuracy, and precision of measurements for a variety of different sample types; discusses methods of sampling different media such as gases, liquids, and solids; presents an overview of some real-world applications of the method, with new emphasis on sampling of biologically and physically dangerous materials; provides an up-to-date list of references to LIBS literature along with the latest detection limits and a unique list of element detection limits using a uniform analysis method; provides annotated examples of LIBS spectra which can serve as references for the general reader and will be especially useful for those starting out in the field.




On Laser-induced Plasma Containing Hydrogen


Book Description

Laser-induced micro-plasma dynamics are investigated in laboratory air, ultra-high-pure hydrogen gas, and hydrogen-nitrogen gas mixtures. The dissertation focuses on atomic spectroscopy of hydrogen in the visible region. Line-of-sight measurements are analyzed to obtain spatial distributions of electron densities and excitation temperatures. The studies include evaluation of self-absorption phenomena. The plasma dynamics occur initially well above re-entry speeds and diminish to hypersonic and then supersonic expansions. Expansion velocities are measured that are above three hundred times the speed of sound in standard atmosphere. Optical breakdown is induced by using pulsed laser radiation. Emission spectra are collected by employing a spectrometer equipped with an intensified charge-coupled device. Atomic emission profiles for hydrogen alpha, hydrogen beta and hydrogen gamma lines are utilized to determine plasma characteristics such as electron density and excitation temperature for specific time delays. The duplicating mirror approach is applied for the evaluation of self-absorption. The extent of self-absorption is investigated for various time delays from plasma generation. The electron density is also determined from singly ionized nitrogen lines and compared with values obtained from the hydrogen lines to further evaluate self-absorption. Experimental records are modeled using computational physics including inversions of integral equations to infer radial distributions from line-of-sight measurements. The presented work contributes to the fundamental understanding of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy widely utilized for analytical diagnostics of gases, liquids or solids.




Introduction to Plasma Spectroscopy


Book Description

Although based on lectures given for graduate students and postgraduates starting in plasma physics, this concise introduction to the fundamental processes and tools is as well directed at established researchers who are newcomers to spectroscopy and seek quick access to the diagnostics of plasmas ranging from low- to high-density technical systems at low temperatures, as well as from low- to high-density hot plasmas. Basic ideas and fundamental concepts are introduced as well as typical instrumentation from the X-ray to the infrared spectral regions. Examples, techniques and methods illustrate the possibilities. This book directly addresses the experimentalist who actually has to carry out the experiments and their interpretation. For that reason about half of the book is devoted to experimental problems, the instrumentation, components, detectors and calibration.




Topics in Plasma Diagnostics


Book Description

The present volume is essentially a qualitative survey of modern trends in the diagnostics of high-temperature plasmas, with particular orientation toward laboratory plasmas of interest in connection with research in controlled thermonuclear fusion. Among the broad topics considered are probe diagnostics, optical methods (including the use of lasers and holography), microwave diagnostics, and diagnostics with particle beams. Having infor mation on these methods available in compact form and in one place, as is the case in the present volume, should make it pos sible to evaluate different diagnostic approaches to specific prob lems. The volume will be useful as an introduction for advanced students making their first contact with experimental plasma physics and for physicists and engineers who are entering the field and desire a rapid survey of principles and modern trends in the diagnostics of high-temperature plasmas. v Foreword to the American Edition The material in this book is based on lectures given at Mos cow State University. It is intended to acquaint the reader with the basic aspects of plasma diagnostics and contains information re quired for the experimental physicist who wishes to carry out straightforward measurements of laboratory plasmas. It will be evident that in choosing the material we have been guided pri marily by the scientific interests of the author, and the great bulk of the material is based on work carried out in the USSR.