Life and Labor


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Shards of Ephemera


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Shards of Ephemera is a wry morality tale concerning the playful parting gambit of Tammy A., a gold-digging, thoroughly American adventuress whose life is about to be surprisingly changed when she bewitches a dissolute scion solely to gain entrée to his mysterious moneybags father, who is now reclusive in his estate on the most fabled and golden of coasts. Tammy is an enchanting backwoods girl with grand ambitions to escape her past, and one abundantly endowed with, among numerous other attributes, the precocious aplomb to accomplish just that, to leave her origins far behind without a trace. So while her presumptive peers were dreaming still about puerile romances and prom nights, she was already frolicking among the wealthy and glamorous at the world's most glittering playgrounds. Tammy is the consummate femme fatale, and anyone whom she chose to bewitch was doomed to an afterlife of ruin, ignominy, and remorse. Her success was dazzling, legendary, her landscape littered with corpses, stuff immortalized in lyrics, sonnets, and ballads, even a few underground graphic novels. It's said that the persona of , of recent notorious celluloid celebrity, was inspired by her exploits. There is no telling what Tammy might have further achieved in the hardboiled, demimonde world of hers and how many more lurid tabloid scandals provoked, but the truth was that by the ripe old age of twenty-four and after having already amassed riches beyond her wildest fantasies, not only did a vague languor start settling in, which was distressing enough, but to her rising chagrin and just as potentially calamitous to her walk of life, most of the nuggets of gold she unwittingly, paradoxically mined of late were from a hitherto unsuspected or blithely repressed tender quarry within her own heart. Yep, it was too woefully true, especially for the motley horde of paparazzi, troubadours, harlequins, hangers-on, and others scrambling in her wake, whose livelihoods depended on her and the buzz she created: the ruthless edge and cutthroat zeal, the ineffable force of nature that vaulted her foremost in the scintillating pageant were dissipating, imperceptibly but inexorably. Tammy was canny enough to know that once she started feeling anything but pitilessness toward her intended prey and purpose, she herself was doomed. And so she quietly retreats from her perilous world of intrigue and seduction. But while sojourning in a certain place on her increasingly restive quest to escape ennui, serendipitously, in the elegant bar of a palatial hotel Tammy's curiosity is piqued by a drunken loner babbling aloud, an apparent habitué of the establishment by the manner with which he is obsequiously coddled by the staff. After discreetly inquiring, she learns that this woebegone oaf is the disgraced, outcast scion of one of the country's grandest fortunes, an empire built, literally, on peddling rags. This debauched pariah, whose name is Eberley, resides in a penthouse suite many stories above the bar all arranged by his curmudgeonly father to keep him, it is openly whispered, as far away as possible. Voilà, here are both temptation and opportunity impossible to resist, one final dare, a last hurrah! Although in his lethargic, laconic, oafishly oblivious and absurd kind of way the outcast proves to be obdurately resistant to easy seduction, which Tammy discovers much to her vexation, after much ado she succeeds in gaining entrée to the reclusive magnifico his father and emperor of empire who is, as she gradually corroborated from many sources during her arduous interlude spent in prodding the oaf his son, a treasury unto himself, as impervious to the vicissitudes of fortune as an oil-rich, rags-to-riches nation-state. But what ironically ensues is unlike anything Tammy anticipated or ever dreamed experiencing. The ailing empire-builder is a self-made maverick of the old school boorish and gruff, one who always wickedly delights in fl




Narrative and National Alleghory in Rómulo Gallegos's Venezuela


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Venezuela's preeminent educator, politician, and most important author Rómulo Gallegos (1884-1969) left a lasting imprint on how Venezuelans conceive of their national history and identity. Jenni Lehtinen offers the first full-length study of Gallegos's later Venezuelan novels, 'Canaima' (1935), 'Pobre negro' (1937), and 'Sobre la misma tierra' (1943), which have been up to now eclipsed by the critical attention devoted to 'Doña Bárbara' (1929). By combining close-readings organized around national allegory and narrative structure with discussions about Gallegos's socio-political essays, the study reveals previously ignored, radical developments in the Venezuelan author's ideologies. Through her bold reinterpretation of the later novels, Lehtinen reveals Gallegos as a far more innovative writer than has been traditionally appreciated. Jenni Lehtinen completed her doctoral studies in Spanish American literature at Wolfson College, University of Oxford, where she has held various teaching posts and lectured on Nation and Narration.




The Unknown Odysseus


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The Unknown Odysseus is a study of how Homer creates two versions of his hero, one who is the triumphant protagonist of the revenge plot and another, more subversive, anonymous figure whose various personae exemplify an entirely different set of assumptions about the world through which each hero moves and about the shape and meaning of human life. Separating the two perspectives allows us to see more clearly how the poem's dual focus can begin to explain some of the notorious difficulties readers have encountered in thinking about the Odyssey. In The Unknown Odysseus, Thomas Van Nortwick offers the most complete exploration to date of the implications of Odysseus' divided nature, showing how it allows Homer to explore the riddles of human identity in a profound way that is not usually recognized by studies focusing on only one "real" hero in the narrative. This new perspective on the epic enriches the world of the poem in a way that will interest both general readers and classical scholars. ". . .an elegant and lucid critical study that is also a good introduction to the poem." ---David Quint, London Review of Books "Thomas Van Nortwick's eloquently written book will give the neophyte a clear interpretive path through the epic while reminding experienced readers why they should still care about the Odyssey's unresolved interpretive cruces. The Unknown Odysseus is not merely accessible, but a true pleasure to read." ---Lillian Doherty, University of Maryland "Contributing to an important new perspective on understanding the epic, Thomas Van Nortwick wishes to resist the dominant, even imperial narrative that tries so hard to trick, beguile, and even bully its listeners into accepting the inevitability of Odysseus' heroism." ---Victoria Pedrick, Georgetown University Thomas Van Nortwick is Nathan A. Greenberg Professor of Classics at Oberlin College and author of Somewhere I Have Never Travelled: The Second Self and the Hero's Journey in Ancient Epic (1992) and Oedipus: The Meaning of a Masculine Life (1998). Jacket art: Head of Odysseus from a sculptural group representing Odysseus killing Polyphemus in the Museo Archeologico Nazionale in Sperlonga, Italy. Photograph by Marie-Lan Nguyen.













The Orphan in Eighteenth-Century Fiction


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The Orphan in Eighteenth-Century Fiction explores how the figure of the orphan was shaped by changing social and historical circumstances. Analysing sixteen major novels from Defoe to Austen, this original study explains the undiminished popularity of literary orphans and reveals their key role in the construction of gendered subjectivity.




Carl Theodor Dreyer's Gertrud


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If there is one film in the canon of Carl Theodor Dreyer that can be said to be, as Jacques Lacan might put it, his most �painfully enjoyable,� it is Gertrud. The film's Paris premier in 1964 was covered by the Danish press as a national scandal; it was lambasted on its release for its lugubrious pace, wooden acting, and old-fashioned, stuffy milieu. Only later, when a younger generation of critics came to its defense, did the method in what appeared to be Dreyer's madness begin to become apparent. To make vivid just what was at stake for Dreyer, and still for us, in his final work, James Schamus focuses on a single moment in the film. He follows a trail of references and allusions back through a number of thinkers and artists (Boccaccio, Lessing, Philostratus, Charcot, and others) to reveal the richness and depth of Dreyer's work--and the excitement that can accompany cinema studies when it opens itself up to other disciplines and media. Throughout, Schamus pays particular attention to Dreyer's lifelong obsession with the �real,� developed through his practice of �textual realism,� a realism grounded not in standard codes of verisimilitude but on the force of its rhetorical appeal to its written, documentary sources. As do so many of the heroines of Dreyer's other films, such as La Passion de Jeanne d'Arc (1928), Gertrud serves as a locus for Dreyer's twin fixations; written texts, and the heroines who both embody and free themselves from them. Dreyer based Gertrud not only on Hjalmar Soderberg's play of 1906, but also on his own extensive research into the life of the �real� Gertrud, Maria van Platen, whose own words Dreyer interpolated into the film. By using his film as a kind of return to the real woman beneath the text, Dreyer rehearsed another lifelong journey, back to the poor Swedish girl who gave birth to him out of wedlock and who gave him up for adoption to a Danish family, a mother whose existence Dreyer only discovered later in life, long after she had died.




Araneta


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