Point Four, Near East and Africa


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Point Four, Near East and Africa


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The Economic Development of Libya


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Libya has been one of the most remarkable of the Arab oil producers. It has combined an aggressive foreign policy, a domestic political revolution and extraordinary economic growth over the last decade. This book focuses on the development of the Libyan economy over this period. In the boom years of the oil market Libya’s revenues exploded. With the current decline of Arab oil revenues many of the projects undertaken then now look less realistic. The book surveys both the structural developments in the Libyan economy and the experience of individual sectors. It considers the potential for industrial development and the prospects for agriculture both in terms of natural resources and political commitments. The book also examines developments in the service sector, especially banking. Although it recognises the acute problems of the Libyan economy, the book is broadly optimistic for prospects through to the year 2000. First published in 1987.




Libya: Agriculture and Economic Development (RLE Economy of Middle East)


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Oil revenues have made Libya rich since 1961, when oil exports began. This new wealth has affected all sectors of the economy and especially the agricultural sector; there have been considerable movements of population, changes in the use of land, and, possibly most important, there has been a profound change in the expectations of the Libyan people. Agriculture was the major contributor to GDP before oil and even in 1968 it was still the major sector in terms of employment, occupying 32 per cent of the employed population; as such it has always been given prominence in government planning. This study begins by introducing the major economic and geographical features relevant to agricultural development and examines the extension of agricultural activity in the twentieth century, prior to independence in 1951. The later chapters deal with the changes which have taken place since the discovery of oil with respect to land use in all parts of Libya, and deals in detail with agricultural investment and wages. First published in 1973.




Geographic Realities in the Middle East and North Africa


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Celebrating the work of Keith McLachlan, a well-known and much-admired geographer of the Middle East and North Africa, this book combines three interrelated topics that define the region. The Middle East has been integral to the growth of the global oil industry, an aspect of its evolution since 1908 which has had profound geopolitical implications as well. The territory was also the arena for the last European experiment in colonialism, a development that has left its legacy even today. And, historically, it has been the location of the great hydraulic civilisations of Egypt and Mesopotamia yet is still dependent on the flow of its two major river systems – the Nile and the Tigris-Euphrates – in an era of impending climate crisis. These themes form the essence of themes that are discussed in the chapters that follow. Keith McLachlan played a significant role in our understanding of these themes and of their effects in the contemporary world, as the comments of those who worked with him and have contributed towards this book reveal. Examining agriculture, oil and state construction, this volume offers an insight into how the contemporary Middle East was constructed after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. It is a key resource for scholars and students interested in geopolitics and the geography of the Middle East.




Joint Publication


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