Synthesis of Azeotropic Batch Distillation Separation Systems


Book Description

Abstract: "Batch distillation has received renewed interest as the market for small volume, high value, specialty chemicals has increased. While batch distillation is more flexible than continuous distillation because the same equipment can be used for several products and operating conditions, batch distillation can be less flexible when azeotropes are present in the mixture to be separated. Azeotropes can form batch distillation regions where the types of feasible separations can be more limited than in continuous distillation. New types of batch column configurations, such as the middle vessel column, can help in the separation of azeotropic mixtures. We show how insights developed for continuous distillation can identify the feasible products and possible column profiles for such a column. We compare extractive distillation using the middle vessel column and a batch rectifying column. While both can often theoretically recover 100% of the pure components from a binary azeotropic mixture, the middle vessel has the benefits of a finite size still pot which is made possible by 'steering' the still composition versus time. We also investigate the operation of the extractive middle vessel column by looking at the sensitivity of a profit function to some of the operational parameters. In order to separate azeotropic mixtures in general, a sequence of batch columns must normally be used. A tool for finding the basic, continuous and batch distillation regions for any mixture is developed in order to synthesize such sequences. This tool, given an initial still composition, can determine the possible products at total reflux and reboil and infinite number of trays for a variety of batch column configurations. We then show how to use such a tool in the synthesis of all possible batch column sequences."




Batch Distillation


Book Description

Most available books in chemical engineering mainly pertain to continuous processes, with batch distillation relegated to a small section. Filling this void in the chemical engineering literature, Batch Distillation: Simulation, Optimal Design, and Control, Second Edition helps readers gain a solid, hands-on background in batch processing. The second edition of this bestseller explores numerous new developments in batch distillation that have emerged since the publication of the first edition. New to the Second Edition Special sections on complex column configurations and azeotropic, extractive, and reactive distillation A chapter on various kinds of uncertainties in batch distillation A chapter covering software packages for batch distillation simulation, design, optimization, and control Separate chapters on complex columns and complex systems Up-to-date references and coverage of recent research articles This edition continues to explain how to effectively design, synthesize, and make operations decisions related to batch processes. Through careful treatments of uncertainty analysis, optimization, and optimal control methods, the author gives readers the necessary tools for making the best decisions in practice. While primarily designed for a graduate course in batch distillation, the text can also be used in undergraduate chemical engineering courses. In addition, researchers and academics faced with batch distillation research problems and practicing chemical engineers tackling problems in actual day-to-day operations will find the book to be a useful reference source.




Distillation


Book Description

Distillation: Fundamentals and Principles — winner of the 2015 PROSE Award in Chemistry & Physics — is a single source of authoritative information on all aspects of the theory and practice of modern distillation, suitable for advanced students and professionals working in a laboratory, industrial plants, or a managerial capacity. It addresses the most important and current research on industrial distillation, including all steps in process design (feasibility study, modeling, and experimental validation), together with operation and control aspects. This volume features an extra focus on the conceptual design of distillation. - Winner of the 2015 PROSE Award in Chemistry & Physics from the Association of American Publishers - Practical information on the newest development written by recognized experts - Coverage of a huge range of laboratory and industrial distillation approaches - Extensive references for each chapter facilitates further study







Distillation


Book Description

A completely thorough and up-to-date guide to modern distillation methods and their applications Distillation has been used for separating liquid mixtures for more than two thousand years, and it continues to be the most widely used separation technique in key industries throughout the industrialized world. Although the basic principles have remained the same since the days of the ancient Egyptians, new distillation and distillation control methods continue to be developed to satisfy a variety of highly specialized requirements. Encyclopedic in scope, this book provides distillation technicians with a uniquely comprehensive, up-to-date account of distillation methods currently employed in the oil, petrochemical, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. The authors begin by acquainting readers with the principles of vapor-liquid equilibrium and the essential calculations for determining phase equilibria and equilibrium curves. Subsequent chapters are devoted to practical discussions of virtually all modern distillation methods, including batch, single stage, multistage continuous, multistage batch, and others. A wide array of industrial applications are described, including everything from crude oil distillation and argon recovery from air to water purification and ammonia recovery from wastewater. Special sections deal with the separation of azeotropic mixtures and the energy demand of distillation processes. Concluding chapters are devoted to detailed, extremely well illustrated descriptions of practical equipment design and modern distillation control methods. Distillation: Principles and Practice is an indispensable working resource for distillation technicians working in the oil, petrochemical, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries.




Design and Control of Distillation Systems for Separating Azeotropes


Book Description

Hands-on guidance for the design, control, and operation of azeotropic distillation systems Following this book's step-by-step guidance, readers learn to master tested and proven methods to overcome a major problem in chemical processing: the distillation and separation of azeotropes. Practical in focus, the book fully details the design, control, and operation of azeotropic distillation systems, using rigorous steady-state and dynamic simulation tools. Design and Control of Distillation Systems for Separating Azeotropes is divided into five parts: Fundamentals and tools Separations without adding other components Separations using light entrainer (heterogeneous azeotropic distillation) Separations using heavy entrainer (extractive distillation) Other ways for separating azeotropes The distillation methods presented cover a variety of important industrial chemical systems, including the processing of biofuels. For most of these chemical systems, the authors explain how to achieve economically optimum steady-state designs. Moreover, readers learn how to implement practical control structures that provide effective load rejection to manage disturbances in throughput and feed composition. Trade-offs between steady-state energy savings and dynamic controllability are discussed, helping readers design and implement the distillation system that best meets their particular needs. In addition, economic and dynamic comparisons between alternative methods are presented, including an example of azeotropic distillation versus extractive distillation for the isopropanol/water system. With its focus on practical solutions, Design and Control of Distillation Systems for Separating Azeotropes is ideal for engineers facing a broad range of azeotropic separation problems. Moreover, this book is recommended as a supplemental text for undergraduate and graduate engineering courses in design, control, mass transfer, and bio-processing.




Process Design Tools for the Environment


Book Description

Much of the pollution in the air, water or soil results from discharges from industrial activities. Industrial practice can be significantly altered to reduce or eliminate the pollution if processes and products are so designed that either toxic materials are not used, or processes are inherently less polluting. This book is a collection of methods, written by experts, that would enable industry to design benign processes at the outset to achieve this purpose.




Conceptual Design of Distillation Systems with CD-ROM


Book Description

This book is a pioneering effort by two of the world's top researchers. The authors have fashioned a text which develops models, the basis for software tools for conceptual design. The book clearly addresses both analysis and design with sharp attention to supplying mathematical correctness and providing physical insight. A software supplement accompanies the text in a student version.




Reactive and Membrane-Assisted Separations


Book Description

Process intensification aims for increasing efficiency and sustainability of (bio-)chemical production processes. This book presents strategies for improving fluid separation such as reactive distillation, reactive absorption and membrane assisted separations. The authors discuss computer simulation, model development, methodological approaches for synthesis and the design and scale-up of final industrial processes.