Glycoscience: Biology and Medicine


Book Description

The aim of the book is to provide a succinct overview of the current status of glycoscience from both basic biological and medical points of view and to propose future directions, in order to facilitate further integrations of glycoscience with other fields in biological and medical studies. Glycans (carbohydrate oligomers) are the so-called “building blocks” of carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins and lipids and play major roles in many biological phenomena as well as in various pathophysiological processes. However, this area of glycoscience has been neglected from the research community because glycan structures are very complex and functionally diverse and as compared to proteins and nucleic acids simple tools for the amplification, sequencing and auto-synthesis of glycans are not available. Many scientists in other fields of research have now realized that glycosylation, i.e. the addition of glycans to a protein backbone, is the most abundant post translational modification reactions and is an important field of research and sometimes they require a glycobiology and/or glycochemistry approach to be used. It is still difficult, however, for non-expert researchers to use these techniques. This book will provide numerous but simple overviews of current topics and protocols for the experiments. The book is aimed at university students and above, including non-experts in the field of glycoscience.




Concepts and Techniques in Genomics and Proteomics


Book Description

Concepts and techniques in genomics and proteomics covers the important concepts of high-throughput modern techniques used in the genomics and proteomics field. Each technique is explained with its underlying concepts, and simple line diagrams and flow charts are included to aid understanding and memory. A summary of key points precedes each chapter within the book, followed by detailed description in the subsections. Each subsection concludes with suggested relevant original references. - Provides definitions for key concepts - Case studies are included to illustrate ideas - Important points to remember are noted




Glycopeptides and Glycoproteins


Book Description

In the last 50 years molecular biology was dominated by the exploration of proteins and nucleic acids. Beside their role in energy metabolism, oligos- charides,which represent thethirdclass ofbiomacromolecules, have received less attention. Today it is well established that oligosaccharides are involved in many important biologicalregulation and recognition processes fromp- tein folding to cell-cell communication. Glycosylation of proteins is the most complexformofco-andposttranslationalmodi'cation. Thedeterminationof structure-function relationships, however, remains dif'cult due to the mic- heterogeneity of glycoproteins that exist in many different glycoforms. Thus chemical synthesis of glycoproteins and glycopeptides with de'ned glycan structures plays a pivotal role for the detailed determination of the role of protein glycosylation. This topic is covered by the ?rst two chapters of this bookdealingwiththechemicaland enzymatic synthesis ofglycopeptides and glycoproteins. The third chapter describes the construction of glycopeptide andglycoproteinmimetics containingnon-naturalstructuralelements. These so-calledneoglycopeptidesandneoglycoproteins,respectively,canprovide- sight on the importance of distinct structural elements on biological activity andmayhaveimproved propertiessuchasanincreased stability. Theappli- tion of synthetic glycopeptides, in many cases at the clinical level, as vaccines forbothcancerandHIVisthesubjectofthefourthchapter. Glycopeptide antibiotics are glycosylated secondary metabolites of bacteria and fungi that are synthesized by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases. Some of them serve as antibiotics of last resort in the treatment of nosocomial infections with enterococci and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. Their structure, biosynthesis, and mode of action are summarized in the ?fth chapter. The last chapter covers current methods for the determination of high-resolution structures of glycopeptides and glycoproteins mainly based onNMRspectroscopy, X-raycrystallography,and molecular modeling.




Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry


Book Description

Detailing commonly used methods and procedures, this reference discusses the reactions and derivative forms of carbohydrates. Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry covers the formation, cleavage, and reactions of derivatives and illustrates bond-forming reactions of SN2 types, free radicals, chain extensions, and branching. The contents include: sugar derivatives; selected reactions in carbohydrate chemistry; chemical synthesis of oligosaccharides and O-and N -glycosyl compounds; enzymatic synthesis of sialic acid, KDO, and related deoxyulosonic acids, and of oligosaccharides; synthesis of -glycosyl compounds; carbocycles from carbohydrates; and total synthesis of sugars from non-sugars. This authoritative reference offers relevant chapters on reactions and derivative forms of carbohydrates, including commonly used methods as well as new experimental procedures. It also contains insightful chapter commentaries and succinct topic histories.




Fish Antifreeze Proteins


Book Description

A collection of works by researchers who have studied the antifreeze proteins which enable organisms to avoid freezing under extreme conditions.







Chemical Ligation


Book Description

Presenting a wide array of information on chemical ligation – one of the more powerful tools for protein and peptide synthesis – this book helps readers understand key methodologies and applications that protein therapeutic synthesis, drug discovery, and molecular imaging. • Moves from fundamental to applied aspects, so that novice readers can follow the entire book and apply these reactions in the lab • Presents a wide array of information on chemical ligation reactions, otherwise scattered across the literature, into one source • Features comprehensive and multidisciplinary coverage that goes from basics to advanced topics • Helps researchers choose the right chemical ligation technique for their needs




Carbohydrate Antigens


Book Description

Developed from a symposium at the Fourth Chemical Congress of North America (202nd National Meeting of the ACS) in New York City, August 1991, chapter-papers present research on topics including how proteins recognize and bind oligosaccharides, synthesis and immunological properties of glycopeptide T-cell determinants, Vibrio cholerae polysaccharide studies, and purification of oligosaccharide antigens by weak affinity chromatography. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR




Glycoproteins


Book Description

Part I covers modern advances in the determination ofglycoprotein structure and in the biosynthesis of mammalian, bacterial, yeast, plant and insect glycoproteins. There are alsotwo chapters on functional aspects (glycoprotein hormones andcollagens). The content of the volume is very comprehensive in that, mostcontributors have focussed on discussing, in depth, the wealthof most recent advances in their field, and referring to previousreviews of older work for background information. This method caneffectively produce a very wide subject coverage in a smallernumber of chapters/volumes. The volume is an importantinformation source for all glycobiologist researchers (seniorinvestigators, post-doctoral fellows and graduate students), andas a good, comprehensive, reference text for scientists working inthe life sciences.




Chemical Glycobiology


Book Description

This ACS symposium book on Chemical Glycobiology summarizes the current status of the chemical techniques and tools developed to study the biological roles of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. It is suitable for chemists and biochemists who are interested in synthesizing, understanding, and applying carbohydrate-related molecules or manipulating biological systems using carbohydrates.