System Independent


Book Description




Rate-Independent Systems


Book Description

This monograph provides both an introduction to and a thorough exposition of the theory of rate-independent systems, which the authors have been working on with a lot of collaborators over 15 years. The focus is mostly on fully rate-independent systems, first on an abstract level either with or even without a linear structure, discussing various concepts of solutions with full mathematical rigor. Then, usefulness of the abstract concepts is demonstrated on the level of various applications primarily in continuum mechanics of solids, including suitable approximation strategies with guaranteed numerical stability and convergence. Particular applications concern inelastic processes such as plasticity, damage, phase transformations, or adhesive-type contacts both at small strains and at finite strains. A few other physical systems, e.g. magnetic or ferroelectric materials, and couplings to rate-dependent thermodynamic models are considered as well. Selected applications are accompanied by numerical simulations illustrating both the models and the efficiency of computational algorithms. In this book, the mathematical framework for a rigorous mathematical treatment of "rate-independent systems" is presented in a comprehensive form for the first time. Researchers and graduate students in applied mathematics, engineering, and computational physics will find this timely and well written book useful.




Small-Scale Renewable Energy Systems


Book Description

A revolution is ongoing in the field of small-scale energy solutions, which can enable lower impact on the environment, more robust supply and self-determination. Solar power and other forms of renewable energy sources, which you can implement to generate your own electricity, are growing quickly. Electromobility is transforming the car industry and transportation systems and can also play a role in your energy system. Electricity can be used much more efficiently than before, for example by using LED light, variable speed motor drives and efficient home appliances. Smart controls are available, sometimes with free open source software. All this opens up tremendous opportunities for energy independence, which is the focus of this book. The book introduces the reader to a number of renewable energy sources, to different options for storing electricity and to smart use of electricity, particularly in the context of small isolated systems. This is important because many renewable energy sources are weather- and season-dependent and usually require storage and smart control, in order to obtain a system that is completely independent of the electricity grid. In the book, overall system design is explained, including how to combine different sources in a hybrid system. Different system sizes and architectures are also covered. A number of real cases are described, where homes, businesses and communities have achieved a high level of energy independence or are on their way to achieving it. This book will prove useful in university education in renewable energy at bachelor and master level, and also for companies and private individuals, who want to start or expand activities in the area of renewable energy.




Towards System Safety


Book Description

Each year the Safety-critical Systems Symposium brings together practitioners and researchers in a quest to inculcate a higher degree of safety engineering into the development and operation of critical software-based systems. On this, the Symposium's seventh occasion, it explores recent work and experience which lead us further 'towards system safety'. This book of the Proceedings covers the entire event. The first paper is the course text of a tutorial run on the first day of the Symposium, included here to provide readers with a coverage of the entire event. The next fourteen papers were presented, on the second and third days, in six sessions: Safety Cases, Systems Engineering, Safety Analysis and Safety Integrity, Tools for Software Safety, Solving Safety Problems, and Qllestions and Competences. Eight of the fourteen papers were authored in industry, four in universities, and two in other research establishments. Four of them report on work outside the UK: in France, Germany, Norway and Brazil. There are three papers on safety cases, each taking a different perspective. Skogstad from Norway and Boyce and Hamilton of GEC-Marconi both report on experience in the field, the former in attempting to apply European norms to project documentation and the latter in attempting to build up a retrospective safety case. The third paper, by Goodman, takes a more philosophical stance, examining the lack of useful measurement in safety assurance.




Independent Stardom


Book Description

Bringing to light an often-ignored aspect of Hollywood studio system history, this book focuses on female stars who broke the mold of a male-dominated, often manipulative industry to dictate the path of their own careers through freelancing. Runner-up, Richard Wall Memorial Award, Theatre Library Association, 2016 During the heyday of Hollywood’s studio system, stars were carefully cultivated and promoted, but at the price of their independence. This familiar narrative of Hollywood stardom receives a long-overdue shakeup in Emily Carman’s new book. Far from passive victims of coercive seven-year contracts, a number of classic Hollywood’s best-known actresses worked on a freelance basis within the restrictive studio system. In leveraging their stardom to play an active role in shaping their careers, female stars including Irene Dunne, Janet Gaynor, Miriam Hopkins, Carole Lombard, and Barbara Stanwyck challenged Hollywood’s patriarchal structure. Through extensive, original archival research, Independent Stardom uncovers this hidden history of women’s labor and celebrity in studio-era Hollywood. Carman weaves a compelling narrative that reveals the risks these women took in deciding to work autonomously. Additionally, she looks at actresses of color, such as Anna May Wong and Lupe Vélez, whose careers suffered from the enforced independence that resulted from being denied long-term studio contracts. Tracing the freelance phenomenon among American motion picture talent in the 1930s, Independent Stardom rethinks standard histories of Hollywood to recognize female stars as creative artists, sophisticated businesswomen, and active players in the then (as now) male-dominated film industry.




Proposed Report


Book Description




Soul of the Grid


Book Description

"I felt like we had failed," said director of grid operations Jim Detmers in a pained voice. "In my mind, I pictured people stranded in elevators. I pictured people stranded in stores and checkout lines. All I could think of was the Inconvenience, and I'm sitting here thinking...thinking, what rock did we not look under to maybe prevent this?" As the focal point of an unprecedented power crisis that has tarnished the Golden State, the California Independent System Operator (California ISO) carries the mixed burden of being a disaster survivor. Established to maintain electrical system reliability for the world's fifth-largest economy, California ISO has been both praised and vilified for its efforts amidst the chaos of blackouts, price volatility, political backlash, and market manipulations by Enron and other ruthless competitors. This book chronicles how the California ISO came to be and what happened during its first five years. More importantly, though, this is the story of the people who make up California ISO and give it an identifiable character and culture--its soul. The result is a very human drama that is otherwise unavailable from the regulatory record or media accounts of California's unparalleled power emergency.




Data Engineering


Book Description

DATA ENGINEERING: Mining, Information, and Intelligence describes applied research aimed at the task of collecting data and distilling useful information from that data. Most of the work presented emanates from research completed through collaborations between Acxiom Corporation and its academic research partners under the aegis of the Acxiom Laboratory for Applied Research (ALAR). Chapters are roughly ordered to follow the logical sequence of the transformation of data from raw input data streams to refined information. Four discrete sections cover Data Integration and Information Quality; Grid Computing; Data Mining; and Visualization. Additionally, there are exercises at the end of each chapter. The primary audience for this book is the broad base of anyone interested in data engineering, whether from academia, market research firms, or business-intelligence companies. The volume is ideally suited for researchers, practitioners, and postgraduate students alike. With its focus on problems arising from industry rather than a basic research perspective, combined with its intelligent organization, extensive references, and subject and author indices, it can serve the academic, research, and industrial audiences.




Borrowing Justification for Proportionality


Book Description

The proportionality test, as proposed in Robert Alexy’s principles theory, is becoming commonplace in comparative constitutional studies. And yet, the question “are courts justified in borrowing proportionality?” has not been expressly put in many countries where judicial borrowings are a reality. This book sheds light on this question and examines the circumstances under which courts are authorized to borrow from alien legal sources to rule on constitutional cases. Taking the Supreme Federal Court of Brazil – and its enthusiastic recourse to proportionality when interpreting the Federal Constitution – as a case study, the book investigates the normative reasons that could justify the court’s attitude and offers a comprehensive overview of its case law on controversial constitutional matters like abortion, same-sex union, racial quotas, and the right to public healthcare. Providing a valuable resource for those interested in comparative constitutional law and legal theory, or curious about Brazilian constitutional law, this book questions the alleged universality of the proportionality test, challenges the premises of Alexy’s principles theory, and discloses more than 68 Brazilian Supreme Court decisions delivered from 2003 to 2018 that would otherwise have remained unknown to an English-speaking audience.