Team Situational Awareness Training in Virtual Environments


Book Description

Members of small dismounted units face growing responsibilities and challenges in both combined arms combat and in contingency operations. Field training for these diverse missions is limited by cost and environmental factors. Virtual environment (VE) technology offers a potential complement to other training methods to meet the rapidly changing requirements for military training. This report provides an assessment based on a review of the relevant research literature of the capability of VE technologies, and strategies for their use for training members of small dismounted units to acquire and maintain situational awareness. It summarizes the state of the art of research in the areas of situational awareness, team training VE technology, and instructional strategies for simulation based training. It identifies current and future challenges for providing situational awareness training to members of small dismounted units and makes recommendations for future research.







Training and Assessment of Decision-making Skills in Virtual Environments


Book Description

"This report describes a preliminary research effort to: (1) determine the effectiveness of using a virtual environment to train real world decision- making skills; (2) examine the feasibility of using a virtual environment as a test bed for developing situation awareness (SA) measurement instruments and; (3) empirically assess the role of SA in decision-making in simulated dismounted infantry environments. Seven experienced and seven inexperienced officers, role- playing a dismounted infantry platoon leader, individually conducted four urban operation scenarios (missions) in a virtual environment setting. Decision-making capability and SA were assessed for each mission. Objective decision-point accuracy improved significantly over missions. Level of experience did not impact the rate of learning. Experience did play a significant role in SA assessments. Selected SA measures also predicted a significant portion of the variance in objective decision-point scores. The research showed that real world decision-making skills could be trained using virtual environment technologies. To insure maximum benefit, virtual training must be combined with the appropriate field experience and mentoring. Conducting research in a controlled virtual environment setting permitted closer empirical scrutiny of the linkage between decision-making and SA in dismounted infantry operations and suggested new directions for further work in these areas."--DTIC.













Technical Report


Book Description




The PSI Handbook of Virtual Environments for Training and Education


Book Description

The increasingly complex environment of the 21st century demands unprecedented knowledge, skills and abilities for people from all walks of life. One powerful solution that blends the science of learning with the technological advances of computing is Virtual Environments. In the United States alone, the Department of Defense has invested billions of dollars over the past decade to make this field and its developments as effective as possible. This 3-volume work provides, for the first time, comprehensive coverage of the many different domains that must be integrated for Virtual Environments to fully provide effective training and education. The first volume is dedicated to a thorough understanding of learning theory, requirements definition and performance measurement, providing insight into the human-centric specifications the VE must satisfy to succeed. Volume II provides the latest information on VE component technologies, and Volume III offers discussion of an extensive collection of integrated systems presented as VE use-cases, and results of effectiveness evaluation studies. The text includes emerging directions of this evolving technology, from cognitive rehabilitation to the next generation of museum exhibitions. Finally, the handbook offers a glimpse into the future with this fascinating technology. This groundbreaking set will interest students, scholars and researchers in the fields of military science, technology, computer science, business, law enforcement, cognitive psychology, education and health. Topics addressed include guidance and interventions using VE as a teaching tool, what to look for in terms of human-centered systems and components, and current training uses in the Navy, Army, Air Force and Marines. Game-based and long distance training are explained, as are particular challenges such as the emergence of VE sickness. Chapters also highlight the combination of VE and cybernetics, robotics and artificial intelligence.




Cognitive Computing and Internet of Things


Book Description

Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023), July 20–24, 2023, San Francisco, USA




A Review and Annotated Bibliography of the Literature Pertaining to Team and Small Group Performance (1989 to 1999)


Book Description

"The military, along with private industry, is relying more on small teams of specialized individuals who work together to achieve a common goal. Examples of these teams include emergency medical teams, aircrews, decision- making teams, industrial project teams, Special Forces teams, weapon system crews and everyday work teams. Training and military doctrine has been evolving to reflect this emphasis on teamwork. The purpose of this annotated bibliography is to review literature published over the last ten years concerning team and small group performance. Specifically, the articles reviewed in this report represent a sampling of the research published in the social sciences, including psychology, sociology, and business. The team and small group literature reviewed includes examples of the many types of teams mentioned earlier. A summary and integration of this work is provided. In general, the research suggests that there are several components which contribute to the successful performance of teams, and that some of these components can be explicitly trained. Several training models are discussed." -- Stinet.