› › Technologies For Reducing Dioxin In The Manufacture Of Bleached Wood Pulp






Policy Vs. Consumer Pressure

Author : David Popp

Publisher :

Page : 56 pages

File Size : 41,10 MB

Release : 2007

Category : Consumers

ISBN :

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Book Description

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, concern over dioxin in both paper products and wastewater led to the development of techniques that reduced the use of chlorine in the pulp industry. Both regulatory and consumer pressure motivated this change. We use patent data to examine the evolution of two completing bleaching technologies in five major paper-producing countries, both of which reduce the use of chlorine in the pulping process. By the end of the 1990s, nearly all pulp production in these countries used one of these technologies. Unlike other papers using patents to study environmentally-friendly innovation, we focus on a process innovation, rather than on end-of-the-pipe solutions to pollution. Moreover, while previous studies emphasize the importance of regulation for inducing innovation, here we find substantial innovation occurring before regulations were in place. Instead, pressure from consumers to reduce the chlorine content of paper drives the first round of innovation. However, while some companies choose to adopt these technologies in response to consumer pressure, not all firms will differentiate their product in this way. Thus, governments need to regulate if their goal is broad diffusion of the environmental technology.



Dioxin Treatment Technologies

Author : Florence Poillon

Publisher : DIANE Publishing

Page : 75 pages

File Size : 45,3 MB

Release : 1994-03

Category :

ISBN : 0788105760

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Book Description

Presents the status of national efforts to cleanup dioxin-contaminated sites and the technologies that have been used, proposed, and researched. Covers thermal and nonthermal treatment techniques as well as approaches such as stabilization and storage. Discusses development of these technologies as well as advantages and disadvantages of their use. 23 charts, tables and illustrations.





Legislative Branch Appropriations for 1991

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Legislative Branch Appropriations

Publisher :

Page : 1564 pages

File Size : 42,28 MB

Release : 1990

Category : Budget

ISBN :

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The Slain Wood

Author : William Boyd

Publisher : JHU Press

Page : 371 pages

File Size : 26,45 MB

Release : 2015-11-05

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 1421413310

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Book Description

The paper industry rejuvenated the American South—but took a heavy toll on its land and people. When the paper industry moved into the South in the 1930s, it confronted a region in the midst of an economic and environmental crisis. Entrenched poverty, stunted labor markets, vast stretches of cutover lands, and severe soil erosion prevailed across the southern states. By the middle of the twentieth century, however, pine trees had become the region’s number one cash crop, and the South dominated national and international production of pulp and paper based on the intensive cultivation of timber. In The Slain Wood, William Boyd chronicles the dramatic growth of the pulp and paper industry in the American South during the twentieth century and the social and environmental changes that accompanied it. Drawing on extensive interviews and historical research, he tells the fascinating story of one of the region’s most important but understudied industries. The Slain Wood reveals how a thoroughly industrialized forest was created out of a degraded landscape, uncovers the ways in which firms tapped into informal labor markets and existing inequalities of race and class to fashion a system for delivering wood to the mills, investigates the challenges of managing large papermaking complexes, and details the ways in which mill managers and unions discriminated against black workers. It also shows how the industry’s massive pollution loads significantly disrupted local environments and communities, leading to a long struggle to regulate and control that pollution.



Pulping and Papermaking of Nonwood Plant Fibers

Author : Z.M.A. Ainun

Publisher : Elsevier

Page : 360 pages

File Size : 26,61 MB

Release : 2023-04-01

Category : Science

ISBN : 032398486X

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Book Description

Pulping and Papermaking of Non-wood Plant Fibres presents the latest technologies associated with the papermaking process. With chapters specific to each non-wood species, the book provides step-by-step guidance on processes such as pulping, bleaching, blending and beating. Non-wood fibers are practical for pulp and paper production due to their chemical content of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin percentages. Beginning with a general overview of non-wood fibers in the papermaking process, chapters then take a deep dive into different raw materials and their processes, including bamboo, corn stalk, pineapple leaves and sugarcane. This book is an essential resource for researchers, scientists and industry specialists. - Provides comprehensive coverage of the processes involved in pulp and papermaking technology for each species of non-wood raw materials - Written by the leading research and industrial experts in the field of pulping, bleaching, blending, beating and papermaking processes - Includes step-by-step processes and methodologies



Biomass Fractionation Technologies for a Lignocellulosic Feedstock Based Biorefinery

Author : S.I. Mussatto

Publisher : Elsevier

Page : 676 pages

File Size : 44,25 MB

Release : 2016-02-18

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 0128025611

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Book Description

Biomass Fractionation Technologies for a Lignocellulosic Feedstock-based Biorefinery reviews the extensive research and tremendous scientific and technological developments that have occurred in the area of biorefinering, including industrial processes and product development using ‘green technologies’, often referred as white biotechnology. As there is a huge need for new design concepts for modern biorefineries as an alternative and amendment to industrial crude oil and gas refineries, this book presents the most important topics related to biomass fractionation, including advances, challenges, and perspectives, all with references to current literature for further study. Presented in 26 chapters by international field specialists, each chapter consists of review text that comprises the most recent advances, challenges, and perspectives for each fractionation technique. The book is an indispensable reference for all professionals, students, and workers involved in biomass biorefinery, assisting them in establishing efficient and economically viable process technologies for biomass fractionation. Provides information on the most advanced and innovative pretreatment processes and technologies for biomass Reviews numerous valuable products from lignocellulose Discusses integration of processes for complete biomass conversion with minimum waste generation Identifies the research gaps in scale-up Presents an indispensable reference for all professionals, students, and workers involved in biomass biorefinery, assisting them in establishing efficient and economically viable process technologies for biomass fractionation