The Anatomy of Manual Dexterity


Book Description

1. 1 Purpose and Plan of This Review This review is focused on the topography and connections of some of the neuron populations that determine the manual dexterity of the macaque monkey. The populations selected for examination are the following: 1. The corticospinal neuron populations 2. The thalamocortical and corticothalamic neuron populations associated with the sensorimotor cortex 3. The ipsilateral cortical connections of the sensorimotor cortex These neuron populations have been chosen because of their obvious rel evance to the directed, intelligent use of the hands, but also because of their anatomical and functional interdependence. Corticospinal neuron populations transmit a complex, orchestrated output from a number of different regions of cerebral cortex to the neuron populations in every segment of the spinal cord, and this output includes the command information defining the intended manual action. The thalamocortical complex is especially concerned with the transmis sion and modulation or filtering of (a) visual, tactile, proprioceptive, vestibular, and auditory information to the cerebral cortex and (b) information from the cerebellum, basal ganglia, limbic system, and brain stem which is relevant to sensorimotor behavior. Finally, the extensive ipsilateral cortical connections constitute a major part of the supraspinal circuitry which coordinates the contri butions of all the cortical neuron popUlations contributing to intelligent sen sorimotor behavior and, in particular, transmits the cross talk between those cortical neuron populations which shape and control the dextrous handling of objects within reach.







Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology


Book Description

Clinical neuropsychology is a rapidly evolving specialty whose practitioners serve patients with traumatic brain injury, stroke and other vascular impairments, brain tumors, epilepsy and nonepileptic seizure disorders, developmental disabilities, progressive neurological disorders, HIV- and AIDS-related disorders, and dementia. . Services include evaluation, treatment, and case consultation in child, adult, and the expanding geriatric population in medical and community settings. The clinical goal always is to restore and maximize cognitive and psychological functioning in an injured or compromised brain. Most neuropsychology reference books focus primarily on assessment and diagnosis, and to date none has been encyclopedic in format. Clinicians, patients, and family members recognize that evaluation and diagnosis is only a starting point for the treatment and recovery process. During the past decade there has been a proliferation of programs, both hospital- and clinic-based, that provide rehabilitation, treatment, and treatment planning services. This encyclopedia will serve as a unified, comprehensive reference for professionals involved in the diagnosis, evaluation, and rehabilitation of adult patients and children with neuropsychological disorders.




An Illustrated Atlas of Tooth Carving and Wax-Up Techniques


Book Description

Learn the basics of dental morphology while improving your cognitive and psychomotor skills with one authoritative resource An Illustrated Atlas of Tooth Carving and Wax-Up Techniques combines important information on dental morphology, and tooth carving and wax-up techniques. This book provides those who wish to improve their cognitive and psychomotor skills with a comprehensive and authoritative resource essential to aesthetic and restorative procedures. Containing clear diagrams and detailed explanations on dental morphology and tooth carving, this book is invaluable for the improvement of manual dexterity in undergraduate and graduate students, particularly in the area of aesthetic procedures and restorative procedures. Contains information on the pre-carving preparation of wax blocks Provides a description of anatomical landmarks Offers a complete and stepwise guide to the carving and wax-up of each tooth Includes video resources, located on the companion website, to assist students in the procedure An Illustrated Atlas of Tooth Carving and Wax-Up Techniques is perfect for undergraduate and graduate students in dentistry who aim to improve their cognitive and psychomotor skills.




The Shanidar Neandertals


Book Description

The Shanidar Neandertals describes the functional morphology of the Neanderthals and their place in human evolution based on a paleontological study of fossils discovered at Shanidar Cave in northeastern Iraq. Functional interpretations are provided that describe and discuss the individual fossils. The phylogenetic implications of the Shanidar specimens are also discussed. Comprised of 14 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the Neanderthal remains from the Shanidar Cave and the paleontological data obtained from the fossils. The discussion then turns to the history of the excavations in Shanidar Cave and the discoveries of the Neanderthals; morphometrics of the Shanidar remains; and determination of the age and sex of the Shanidar Neanderthals. Subsequent chapters focus on various aspects of the Neanderthal fossils, including the cranial and mandibular remains; the dental remains; the axial skeleton; and the upper and lower limb remains. The immature remains are also described, along with bodily proportions and the estimation of stature. This monograph will be of interest to archaeologists, anthropologists, paleontologists, and paleopathologists.




Charles Bell and the Anatomy of Reform


Book Description

Sir Charles Bell was among the last of a generation medical men who formed their careers, their research, and their publications through the private classrooms of early-nineteenth-century London; whose ambitions for reform were fundamentally about conserving something quintessentially British; and whose politics were shaped by the exigencies of developing a living through various kinds of patronage in a time when careers in medical science simply did not exist. Within a decade or two that world was gone. Professionalization and regularized educationthe ambitions of reformershad been realized, along with regular career paths. With that change, the classroom shattered, its functions divided among other spaces, each with its own audience and function: the laboratory, the clinic, the classroom. They are the spaces of modern medicine, the ones we recognize today, and we see them as the hallmark of medical science. Through Bell s story, artfully told by the author, we witness medical science and medical reform in London s classrooms at a time when modern medicine, with its practical universities with set curricula, staffed by medical professionals, was being born. "




A Guide to Dissection of the Human Body


Book Description

In this second edition of A Guide to Dissection of the Human Body, certain dissecting instructions have been revised to increase clarity. Methodical and comprehensive, the guide complements various anatomy courses. The terminology has been checked and brought up to date, in accordance with the latest version of Terminologia Anatomica (1998).The major aim of this guide remains ? to provide a well-rounded dissecting manual that reinforces, but does not replace, a textbook of human anatomy. The details of human anatomy covered here are of interest and importance primarily in a medical context. To this end the guide has been designed for medical, dental, osteopathy and physiotherapy students, and for students of alternative medicine where dissection of the human body is required. It has also been planned for postgraduate students proceeding to specialise in the various clinical (surgical, radiological, emergency medical, and gynaecological) sciences and thus need to revise their anatomical knowledge through dissection.It has to be stressed, learning anatomy is most efficient and retention is highest when didactic study is combined with the experience of dissection. In using this method one observes, palpates and moves parts of the body. It is a three-dimensional and visuo-tactile approach to the examination of the human body. Undoubtedly dissection reinforces and expands the knowledge gained from the textbook and from atlases and computerized-anatomy programs, The Guide is flexible enough for use in long as well as short courses, and is thus structured in such a way that the dissection of the body can be completed in 100 to 160 hours. It provides a link to real, living and variable anatomy.




Anatomy Essentials For Dummies


Book Description

Anatomy Essentials For Dummies (9781119590156) was previously published as Anatomy Essentials For Dummies (9781118184219). While this version features a new Dummies cover and design, the content is the same as the prior release and should not be considered a new or updated product. The core concepts you need to ace Anatomy Perfect for those just starting out or returning to Anatomy after some time away, Anatomy Essentials For Dummies focuses on core concepts taught (and tested on!) in a typical Anatomy course. From names and technical terms to how the body works, you'll skip the suffering and score high marks at exam time with the help of Anatomy Essentials For Dummies. Designed for students who want the key concepts and a few examples—without the review, ramp-up, and anecdotal content—Anatomy Essentials For Dummies is a perfect solution for exam-cramming, homework help, and reference. A useful and handy reference to the anatomy of the human body Perfect for a refresher or a quick reference Serves as an excellent review to score higher at exam time If you have some knowledge of anatomy and want to polish your skills, Anatomy Essentials For Dummies focuses on just the core concepts you need to understand this fascinating topic.