The Biology of Stentor


Book Description

The Biology of Stentor summarizes all that has been learned about the biology of a certain group of ciliate protozoa: the stentors. Topics covered range from form and function in Stentor to behavior, fine structure, growth and division, and reorganization. Regeneration is also discussed, along with polarity, metabolism, genetics, and primordium development. This volume is comprised of 20 chapters and begins with a characterization of Stentor, with emphasis on its particular advantages in addressing general problems of biology. The reader is then introduced to form and function in Stentor, particularly S. coeruleus. The following chapters focus on the behavior (food selection, swimming, response to light, etc.) of stentors and the fine points of structure in terms of which this behavior is to be explained and which demonstrate the highly complex and precise achievements of morphogenesis. The remaining chapters explore growth and division in Stentor as well as the course of reorganization and regeneration; development of the oral primordium and how it is activated and inhibited; rate of regeneration in relation to the polar axis; fusion masses of whole stentors; and reconstitution in disarranged stentors. Various species of Stentor are also described, together with the techniques used to study them. The final chapter deals with hypotheses concerning the morphogenesis of ciliates. This book will be of interest to students and practitioners of biology and physiology.




Principles of Regeneration


Book Description

Principles of Regeneration focuses on the principles, methodologies, and changes involved in the process of regeneration. The book first underscores the nature of the nucleus in Acetabularia, enzyme effects, role of ribonucleic acid in morphogenesis, and functions of the stentor. The text then takes a look at the turnover in hydroids and flatworms and regeneration blastema. Discussions focus on regeneration in hydra, interstitial cells, colonial hydroids, neoblasts, and morphogenetic fields. The publication surveys segmental addition in annelids and molting, metamorphosis, and regeneration in arthropods. The termination of regeneration, importance of nerves, morphogenesis, histogenesis of the regenerate, and role of the nerves are discussed. The manuscript also examines regeneration in fishes, amphibian limb, horns and antlers, and heads and tails. The manuscript is a dependable source of data for students of developmental biology, anatomy, and evolution, as well as teachers and researchers in biology and medicine.







Cells, Embryos and Evolution


Book Description

Gerhart and Kirschner aim to explain the origins of phenotypic variation and evolutionary adaptation from within eukaryotic cell biological and developmental processes. Their examples are drawn from paleontology, developmental and cell biology.




Photomovement


Book Description

This volume emphasizes the involvement of all facets of biology in the analysis of environmentally controlled movement responses. This includes biophysics, biochemistry, molecular biology and as an integral part of any approach to a closer understanding, physiology. The initial euphoria about molecular biology as the final solution for any problem has dwindled and the field agrees now that only the combined efforts of all facets of biology will at some day answer the question posed more than hundred years ago: "How can plants see?". One conclusion can be drawn from the current knowledge as summarized in this volume. The answer will most likely not be the same for all systems.




Ecology of Protozoa


Book Description

This book emphasises the important role that protozoa play in many natural ecosystems. To shed new light on their individual adaptive skills, the respective chapters examine the ecology and functional biology of this diverse group of eukaryotic microbes. Protozoa are well-established model organisms that exemplify many general problems in population ecology and community ecology, as well as evolutionary biology. Their particular characteristics, like large population sizes, life cycles and motile sensory behaviour, have a profound impact on their survival, distribution, and interaction with other species. Thus, readers will also be introduced to protozoan habitats in a broad range of environments. Even though this group of unicellular organisms is highly diverse, the authors focus on shared ecological patterns. Students and scientists working in the areas of eukaryotic microbiology and ecology will appreciate this updated and revised 2nd Edition as a valuable reference guide to the “lifestyles” of protozoa.




Wetware


Book Description

“A beautifully written journey into the mechanics of the world of the cell, and even beyond, exploring the analogy with computers in a surprising way” (Denis Noble, author of Dance to the Tune of Life). How does a single-cell creature, such as an amoeba, lead such a sophisticated life? How does it hunt living prey, respond to lights, sounds, and smells, and display complex sequences of movements without the benefit of a nervous system? This book offers a startling and original answer. In clear, jargon-free language, Dennis Bray taps the findings from the discipline of systems biology to show that the internal chemistry of living cells is a form of computation. Cells are built out of molecular circuits that perform logical operations, as electronic devices do, but with unique properties. Bray argues that the computational juice of cells provides the basis for all distinctive properties of living systems: it allows organisms to embody in their internal structure an image of the world, and this accounts for their adaptability, responsiveness, and intelligence. In Wetware, Bray offers imaginative, wide-ranging, and perceptive critiques of robotics and complexity theory, as well as many entertaining and telling anecdotes. For the general reader, the practicing scientist, and all others with an interest in the nature of life, this book is an exciting portal to some of biology’s latest discoveries and ideas. “Drawing on the similarities between Pac-Man and an amoeba and efforts to model the human brain, this absorbing read shows that biologists and engineers have a lot to learn from working together.” —Discover magazine “Wetware will get the reader thinking.” —Science magazine




The Biology of Cilia and Flagella


Book Description

The Biology of Cilia and Flagella reviews advances in the study of cilia and flagella since 1928. This book focuses on four main topics—structure of cilia, factors that affect ciliary activity, movement of cilia and flagella, and coordination of beat of cilia. In these topics, this compilation specifically discusses the intracellular structures associated with ciliary bases; viscosity of the medium and ciliary activity, and energy relationships of cilia and flagella. The compounding of synchronously beating cilia, variations in shaft structure, and control of ciliary activity by the organism are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the determination of the rate of beat of cilia and root-fiber systems and coordination of ciliary beat. This publication is suitable for biologists and clinicians of other disciplines researching on the structure and physiology of cilia and flagella.




Guidelines for the Identification of Ciliates in Wastewater Treatment Plants


Book Description

Ciliated protozoa are one of the most relevant biological communities in the reactors of wastewater treatment plants. These organisms are excellent tools to assess the biological status of the reactor being used to monitor wastewater treatment plants performance. This book has been designed to simplify identification of ciliates, bearing in mind the difficulties on the manipulation and proper identification of these species. The specific role of ciliates in WWTP is discussed; methods for observation together with a glossary of scientific words and a simple and easy key to the taxonomic groups of ciliates are also provided. Illustrations, drawings, photographs and brief morphological descriptions of the species are included. Guidelines for the Identification of Ciliates in Wastewater Treatment Plants is the first book to use the new official classification proposed by the Society of Protozoologists (2005). It includes a complete chapter on methodology that is designed to be easy to follow and reproduce. A simple key to classify main taxonomic groups and genera is included, as are detailed descriptions to aid observation and identification of species of ciliates, in addition to drawings and photographs that accurately reproduce ciliate species.




Aneural Organisms in Neurobiology


Book Description

This volume had its inception at a symposium entitled Aneura1 Organisms: Their Significance for Neurobiology held at the Winter Conference on Brain Research in Vail, Colorado, in January, 1972. The original participants were Drs. Epstein, Hamilton, Kung, Wood and myself. However, since that time several other authors (Drs. Applewhite, Chen, Diehn and Ettienne) were asked to contri bute papers and all were asked to update their presentations so as to present a broad perspective as to the role and significance of aneura1 systems for investigating neurobiological problems. This volume is the result of that effort. I wish to thank Dr. Claude F. Baxter, the program chairman of the Winter Conference, and his staff for their help, as well as the contributors for their efforts. Great appreciation is due Mrs. Sharon Loomis for her excellent work in preparing the manuscript for publication. It is our hope that this volume will demonstrate the usefulness and advantages in exploiting aneura1 systems for the insights they may yield in answering some of the fundamental neurobiological questions facing us. E.M. Eisenstein v Contents Aneural Systems and Neurobiology: A Point of View . • . 1 E.M. Eisenstein (Introduction) Protozoa as Models of Stimulus Transduction 5 David C. Wood Genetic Dissection - An Approach to Neurobiology 25 Ching Kung Cybernetics and the Behavior of Microorganisms 41 Bodo Diehn Control of Ciliary Activity in Aneural Organisms 59 Miles Epstein Membrane Potential and Behavior: Proposal of a Model System • . . . . . . . .