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The Centenary of the Republic of Turkey (1923-2023)

Author : Behçet Kemal Yeşilbursa

Publisher :

Page : 0 pages

File Size : 38,91 MB

Release : 2023

Category : Turkey

ISBN : 9786256579132

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Book Description

"The Turkish Republic celebrates its 100th anniversary in 2023. Indeed, Turkey is an ancient country, and we cherish the memories of the past. However, we embarked on a new journey one hundred years ago when we became a completely modern nation. Many achievements have been made during this period, but perhaps the world still does not completely recognise how far the country has come. Needless to say, there still remains a distance between Turkey and Europe, but this is getting less every day. After one hundred years, Turkey is in far better shape than when the Republic was first established. Turkey remained a highly impoverished and underdeveloped agricultural nation in 1923, with minimal industry, scant infrastructure, and a high death rate. Nevertheless, Atatürk, the Republic’s creator, was determined to rebuild Turkey from the ruins he inherited into a powerful, independent, affluent, and modern nation. In 2023, Turkey has an estimated population of 85 million, which is seven times larger than it was at the start of the Republic. Almost half the population resides in urban areas. The society is largely industrialised, and with universities located in every province, it is becoming increasingly high-tech. Moreover, Turkey is a democracy, and is the only secular state in the Islamic world, as well as the only democracy with a strong foundation in the region. However, it could be said that Turkey may not have always received the recognition it merits for this. Some even argue that it ought to be more Islamic and Middle Eastern. But in my opinion, one of the most significant developments for the global system has been the rise of a sizable, powerful industrial nation with a pluralist government on the outskirts of Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. In the coming century, Turkey’s significance will only increase."--



Reflections on the Centenary of the Republic of Turkey

Author : Paul Kubicek

Publisher : Taylor & Francis

Page : 333 pages

File Size : 20,60 MB

Release : 2024-01-22

Category : Social Science

ISBN : 1003836844

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Book Description

This book provides both a retrospective and prospective look at Turkey on the occasion of the country’s centenary. It covers numerous important issues, including political, economic, and cultural development, the role and performance of political institutions, and foreign policy and Turkey’s place in its region and the wider world. The Republic of Turkey’s centenary in 2023 is an opportune time to assess the country’s achievements and shortcomings as well as look ahead as to how Turkey may cope with current challenges. This volume, comprised of empirically rich and theory-informed analytical essays written by a global collection of leading scholars on contemporary Turkey, addresses many central issues that bear both on the Republic’s history as well as on major political, social, economic, cultural, and foreign policy issues that confront Turkey today. Much focus is given to particular “turning points” in the past as well as how 2023, during which Turkey had a highly-contested and polarized election, may also serve as a critical juncture for the country. Reflections on the Centenary of the Republic of Turkey will be a key resource for scholars and researchers of Middle Eastern studies and Turkish history, politics, and foreign policy. This book was originally published as a special issue of Turkish Studies.



One Hundred Years of Turkish Foreign Policy (1923-2023)

Author : Binnur Özkeçeci-Taner

Publisher : Springer Nature

Page : 274 pages

File Size : 12,90 MB

Release : 2023-10-16

Category : Political Science

ISBN : 3031358597

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Book Description

This book brings together an all-women group of scholars to provide a historically grounded and theoretically rich examination of the continuities and changes in Turkey’s foreign policy since the Republic's establishment in 1923. Using different International Relations theories, clarifying the interaction between domestic politics and foreign policymaking, the book charts the evolution of Turkey’s foreign policy vis-a-vis several regions and global actors and examines the major developments in Turkey’s relations with these actors. Some chapters emphasize the continuities in Turkey’s external relations, and others examine the significant changes and discontinuities in certain areas. Recognizing that Turkey’s state interests may not always coincide with the interests of the ruling elite, the book demonstrates that the centennial birthday of Turkey represents a constitutive moment for Turkey’s future and calls for a pragmatic, as opposed to a completely ideologically-based, grand strategy that should focus on progressive ideals.



Flashpoint Hagia Sophia

Author : Brian Croke

Publisher : Routledge

Page : 126 pages

File Size : 18,6 MB

Release : 2021-12-30

Category : History

ISBN : 100052275X

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Book Description

Istanbul’s Hagia Sophia (‘Holy Wisdom’), or Ayasofya, is one of the world’s most visited buildings. Yet, few visitors have any idea of its long and complex story, or why it has always been a place where history, religion and politics collide. In July 2020, Turkish President Erdoğan set off an explosive controversy by announcing that Hagia Sophia would now be modified into a mosque. This decision provoked fierce criticism from UNESCO because Hagia Sophia was enjoying World Heritage Site benefits. The United States, the European Union, Russia and Greece all chimed in. However, Erdoğan’s action was wildly popular in Turkey, with its 99% Muslim population. Why is Hagia Sophia so important to modern Turkey? Why this provocative decision, and why now? How could all the international critics be ignored? Why does the world care so much about this old building? Why should it continue to care? This book explains President Erdoğan’s controversial decision in terms of Turkey’s national, independent and Islamic politics, and as a response to the mosque massacre in Christchurch in March 2019 when his life was threatened by the gunman. Any consideration of Hagia Sophia’s present and future also requires appreciation of the almost 1,500-year old story of this architectural marvel, from its inception as a church in 537 to its configuration as a mosque in 2020 and beyond. Because all world heritage sites depend on national management, Hagia Sophia will remain Turkey’s responsibility, but the international community is watching to ensure Turkey honours Hagia Sophia’s entire heritage, from the 6th century to the 21st century.



Turkey, a Century of Change in State and Society

Author : Bayram Balci

Publisher : Springer Nature

Page : 218 pages

File Size : 27,56 MB

Release : 2023-06-01

Category : Political Science

ISBN : 3031334442

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Book Description

The Republic of Turkey celebrates the centenary of its proclamation in 2023. Founded on the ruins of the Ottoman Empire, one of the world’s greatest empires both in terms of its geographical extent and its longevity, Republican Turkey has gone through a century of profound and constant changes and transformations from politics to society, economy to religion, or culture to history. These changes have been produced by inner and foreign policies carried out and implemented by the country’s leaders – from Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey to Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, the current Turkish President in 2023 - but also under the influence of the regional and international context. This collective work aims to take stock of the great achievements of the Turkish republican project. It attempts to draw a general presentation of the evolution of contemporary Turkey in six main areas which constitute six major issues for the country: the general political evolution of Turkey focusing on the issue of citizenship; the transformations in the Turkish economy through a political economy analysis; the evolution of the relationship between religion, state and society; Turkey’s nation-building and the Kurdish question, which still seeks a solution; the changes in Turkish foreign policy focusing on the relationship between Turkey and the West; the relationship between Turkey and Europe, caught between the model of civilization for the republican regime and the prospects of accession to the European Union. Several “focus points” also concentrate on specific subjects such as the Alevi issue, the Cyprus issue or the Turkish soft power with an accent on Africa.





The Last Ottoman Wars

Author : Jeremy Salt

Publisher :

Page : 432 pages

File Size : 13,81 MB

Release : 2019

Category : History

ISBN : 9781607817048

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Book Description

"Jeremy Salt's manuscript "The last Ottoman wars" is a unique, timely, and humane study of warfare and its many costs in a region that has been fought over and upon for centuries. The Ottoman Empire and its surrounding territories, which in this work covers the Balkans to eastern Anatolia and the Caucasus, was during the last decades of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth a place of political unrest and constant military action. Historians have since chronicled and contested questions of how, what, where, when, and why battlefield or diplomatic strategies failed or succeeded as they did in Ottoman-European conflicts. So too have historians questioned how and to what degree the actions of generals and statesmen, as well as financiers, resulted in ruin for millions of Ottoman peoples, specifically Armenians and other Ottoman Christians. Overlooked, according to Salt, have been millions of Ottoman Muslims, who during the time period in question were massacred and displaced before the advance and against the retreat of invading armies. This manuscript is, as Salt writes, an attempt "to bring these invisible victims of war back into the picture." "The Last Ottoman Wars" offers readers a glimpse into the daily lives of Ottoman Muslims, and indeed all ordinary Ottoman citizens. Instead of following the nations and individuals desperate to get what spoils they could from an empire in decline, Salt centers his focus on those left to live with what remained after nearly all had been taken. These people, at the edge of modernity, lived with malnutrition, disease, internecine violence, and crumbling infrastructures a generation before World War I and immediately after its devastation"--Provided by publisher.





The Turkish War of Independence

Author : Edward J. Erickson

Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA

Page : 428 pages

File Size : 35,31 MB

Release : 2021-05-24

Category : History

ISBN : 1440878420

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Book Description

The dramatic story of the turbulent birth of modern Turkey, which rose out of the ashes of the Ottoman Empire to fight off Allied occupiers, Greek invaders, and internal ethnic groups to proclaim a new republic under Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk). It is exceedingly rare to run across a major historical event that has no comprehensive English-language history, but such was the case until The Turkish War of Independence brought together all the main strands of the story, including the chaotic ending of World War I in Asia Minor and the numerous military fronts on which the Turks defied odds, fighting off several armies to create their own state from the defeated ashes of the Ottoman Empire. This important book culminates Erickson's three-part series on the early 20th-century military history of the Ottomans and Turkey. Making wide use of specialized, hard-to-find Western and Turkish memoirs and military sources, it presents a narrative of the fighting, which eventually brought the Turkish Nationalist armies to victory. Often termed the "Greco-Turkish War," an incomplete description that misses its geographic and multinational scope, this war pitted Greek, Armenian, French, British, Italian, and insurgent forces against the Nationalists; the narrative shows these conflicts to have been distinct and separate to Turkey's opponents, while the Turkish side saw them as an interconnected whole.



English as the Medium of Instruction in Turkish Higher Education

Author : Yasemin Kirkgöz

Publisher : Springer Nature

Page : 313 pages

File Size : 11,59 MB

Release : 2022-02-17

Category : Education

ISBN : 3030885976

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Book Description

This book examines the phenomenon of English Medium Instruction (EMI) in Turkish higher education, using research-based findings and review-based discussions with a critical focus on diverse aspects of EMI. Particularly, it addresses issues under four major themes: EMI policy and the macro level context, teaching practices in EMI, learning experiences in EMI and future directions for EMI in Turkey. English as the Medium of Instruction in Turkish Higher Education: Policy, Practice in Action and Future Directions comprehensively examines the EMI phenomenon by taking Turkey as a case study and it exclusively explores existing issues against different conceptual frameworks and theoretical foundations. It also explores novel issues around EMI, such as EMI assessment, EMI classroom interaction, and technology-enhanced EMI teacher training. Written by established experts in the field, this volume will be of particular interest to scholars of English for Academic Purposes, English Medium Instruction and Applied Linguistics as well as postgraduate students of Applied Linguistics, English as a Lingua Franca, English for Academic Purposes, and language and education policy. The book might also appeal to policy makers both in Turkey and in international education seeking blueprints to align their avowed principles and ground realities for purposes of effective practices.