The Effects of Peg and Keyword Mnemonics and Computer-assisted Instruction on Fluency and Accuracy of Basic Multiplication Facts in Elementary Students with Learning and Cognitive Disabilities


Book Description

Treatment effects was demonstrated by maintenance and follow-up measurements (two weeks and one month respectively) after intervention. The results of this study support other research on the effectiveness of mnemonic strategies to increase students' ability to acquire, retain, and retrieve information. It also supported the usefulness of technology to deliver strategy instruction to students with learning and cognitive disabilities. The study, however, did not result in increased fluency as measured by duration of time on task. Theoretical implications of the present study focused on the robustness of mnemonics strategies and computer-assisted instruction with supplemental classroom review. Practically, the study reflects the benefits of mnemonics instruction in math and the effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction. Future research recommendations include using the software program with students with other mild disabilities, including visual impairment; assessing generalization of the strategy to regular classroom contexts and to other math content; evaluating the program's effectiveness as a supplement in regular education; and studying the viability of the software program as a stand-alone project without regular class review.










Learning Within a Computer-assisted Instructional Environment


Book Description

The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of basic multiplication mastery (0-12) and self-efficacy outcomes for elementary age students attempting to master multiplication facts in a Computer-Assisted Instructional (CAI) environment. Timez Attack (TA), a modern Internet based 3-D multiplication video game, was the computer program used in this study. Four third- and four fourth-grade classes of students at a public charter school received either 12 20-minute Teacher-Led Instructional (TLI), or TA multiplication practice sessions. Pre- and post Math Attitude Survey (MAS), timed multiplication tests, observations, and informal interviews were used to assess and compare TA and TLI's learning environments, performance, and self-efficacy outcomes. Both third- and fourth-grade TA students' level of multiplication mastery improved significantly after intervention. Results from the post-MAS also revealed significantly higher self-efficacy beliefs, and reduced nervousness in learning multiplication facts amongst some TA students. Statistical data analysis revealed no significant performance outcome differences between TLI and TA third-grade classes; however, post-test comparisons between fourth-grade TLI and TA students showed TA students significantly outperforming their comparison group counterparts by answering approximately 50% more problems in a given time and feeling significantly less nervous toward learning new multiplication math facts. The TA program's motivational, self-paced, and self-evaluative features seemed to produce a positive learning environment, which encouraged student learning. Educators should consider using CAI with features similar to TA's to improve students' academic performance and self-efficacy.




Math Fact Fluency


Book Description

This approach to teaching basic math facts, grounded in years of research, will transform students' learning of basic facts and help them become more confident, adept, and successful at math. Mastering the basic facts for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division is an essential goal for all students. Most educators also agree that success at higher levels of math hinges on this fundamental skill. But what's the best way to get there? Are flash cards, drills, and timed tests the answer? If so, then why do students go into the upper elementary grades (and beyond) still counting on their fingers or experiencing math anxiety? What does research say about teaching basic math facts so they will stick? In Math Fact Fluency, experts Jennifer Bay-Williams and Gina Kling provide the answers to these questions—and so much more. This book offers everything a teacher needs to teach, assess, and communicate with parents about basic math fact instruction, including The five fundamentals of fact fluency, which provide a research-based framework for effective instruction in the basic facts. Strategies students can use to find facts that are not yet committed to memory. More than 40 easy-to-make, easy-to-use games that provide engaging fact practice. More than 20 assessment tools that provide useful data on fact fluency and mastery. Suggestions and strategies for collaborating with families to help their children master the basic math facts. Math Fact Fluency is an indispensable guide for any educator who needs to teach basic math facts.




Computer Utilization


Book Description




Interventions for Students with Learning Disabilities


Book Description

The first comprehensive quantitative analysis of intervention research in the learning disabilities field, this volume synthesizes the results of 272 scientifically credible group and single-subject studies in an effort to identify what works best for learning disabled children. The book examines pertinent findings on all academic, cognitive, and behavioral domains. Intervention outcomes are evaluated across instructional domains, sample characteristics, intervention parameters, methodological procedures, and article characteristics. Addressing such questions as the merits of inclusion settings and the relative benefits of direct and strategy instruction, Swanson offers timely recommendations for instructional design, assessment, and policy.




How to Teach So Students Remember


Book Description

Memory is inextricable from learning; there's little sense in teaching students something new if they can't recall it later. Ensuring that the knowledge teachers impart is appropriately stored in the brain and easily retrieved when necessary is a vital component of instruction. In How to Teach So Students Remember, author Marilee Sprenger provides you with a proven, research-based, easy-to-follow framework for doing just that. This second edition of Sprenger's celebrated book, updated to include recent research and developments in the fields of memory and teaching, offers seven concrete, actionable steps to help students use what they've learned when they need it. Step by step, you will discover how to actively engage your students with new learning; teach students to reflect on new knowledge in a meaningful way; train students to recode new concepts in their own words to clarify understanding; use feedback to ensure that relevant information is binding to necessary neural pathways; incorporate multiple rehearsal strategies to secure new knowledge in both working and long-term memory; design lesson reviews that help students retain information beyond the test; and align instruction, review, and assessment to help students more easily retrieve information. The practical strategies and suggestions in this book, carefully followed and appropriately differentiated, will revolutionize the way you teach and immeasurably improve student achievement. Remember: By consciously crafting lessons for maximum "stickiness," we can equip all students to remember what's important when it matters.




The Psychology of Education


Book Description

Written in an accessible and engaging style, this second edition of The Psychology of Education addresses key concepts from psychology which relate to education. Throughout the text the author team emphasise an evidence-based approach, providing practical suggestions to improve learning outcomes, while fictional case studies are used in this new edition to provide students with a sense of what psychological issues can look like in the classroom. Activities around these case studies give students the chance to think about how to apply their theoretical knowledge to these real-world contexts. ‘Key implications’ are drawn out at appropriate points, and throughout the book students are provided with strategies for interrogating evidence. Key terms are glossed throughout the book and chapters are summarised and followed by suggestions for further reading. A chapter on Learning interactions and social worlds is new to this edition. The following chapters have all been extensively updated: Learning Assessment Individual differences and achievement Student engagement and motivation The educational context Society and culture Language Literacy Inclusive education and special educational needs Behaviour problems Dealing with behaviour problems. This book is essential reading for undergraduate students of Education Studies and Psychology as well as trainee teachers on BA, BEd and PGCE courses. It will also be of use to postgraduates training to be educational psychologists.




An Introduction to Applied Cognitive Psychology


Book Description

This book offers a student friendly review of recent research in the application of cognitive methods, theories and models to real-world scenarios.