Author : Hyunjoo Park
Publisher :
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 12,55 MB
Release : 1999
Category : Animal nutrition
ISBN :
Author : Tao Xu
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 23,37 MB
Release : 2017
Category :
ISBN :
Intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has changed drastically in the past century in the American diet has received attention due to potential effects on chronic inflammation-related metabolic diseases. In this project, the effects of dietary PUFA content and the n-6 to n-3 ratio on inflammatory responses in the acute and chronic inflammation models were evaluated. The PUFA content was modified on a Western diet background to deliver both n-6 and n-3 intakes at the 10th and 90th percentile of the population in the United States, and models of acute and chronic inflammation were tested in mice model. The experimental PUFA diets had a modest effect on the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the acute inflammation model. A high n-6 to n-3 ratio promoted lipogenesis. In addition, high n-6 PUFA enhanced the inflammatory responses via the NF-ÎðB pathway. In chronic inflammation model, low-grade inflammatory stress was induced by osmotic mini-pump delivery of LPS. A high n-6 intake increased glucose intolerance. On the other hand, high n-6 intake promotes cholesterol ester accumulation in both acute and chronic inflammation models.
Author : Lan H. Ly
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 17,26 MB
Release : 2005
Category :
ISBN :
Consumption of fish oils (FO) enriched with the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), is beneficial to a variety of inflammatory disorders due, in part, to the alteration of membrane composition of T-lymphocytes and other immune cells. We previously observed that down-regulation of proliferation and cytokine synthesis by CD4 T-cells in mice fed diets rich in n-3 PUFA was dependent on the involvement of CD28, a co-stimulatory molecule necessary for T-cell activation. Since the co-receptor homologues, CD28 and CTLA-4, have opposing effects on T-cell activation, we hypothesized that the balance of costimulatory and downregulatory properties of CD28 and CTLA-4, respectively, would be altered by diet. A significant increase (p
Author : P. Magee
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 21,89 MB
Release : 2011
Category :
ISBN :
Eicosapentaenoic acid (ERA) is an w-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) with anti-inflammatory and anti-cachetic properties. These properties have not previously been investigated simultaneously with regards to skeletal muscle damage and regeneration and therefore the main aim of this work was to examine the possible protective effects of ERA during damage induced by the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-a and TWEAK . Using an established model of myoblast differentiation, skeletal muscle cell differentiation was shown to be morphologically impaired by TNF-a and TWEAK. Formation of myotubes was restricted as shown by reduced myoblast fusion indices (Ml) and myotube widths. These effects were associated with TNF-a induced apoptosis. Both cytokines caused increased expression of pro-inflammatory gene targets of NF-KB activity; TNF-a and IL- 6 and in parallel, TNF-a treatment increased NF-KB activity and inhibited expression and activation of PPARy. EPA prevented the TWEAK /TNF-mediated loss of expression MyHC expression (reduced to 5-30% Ml) and significantly increased myogenic fusion (p
Author :
Publisher :
Page : 2372 pages
File Size : 14,15 MB
Release : 1996
Category : Agriculture
ISBN :
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 722 pages
File Size : 32,53 MB
Release : 1999-05-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309173183
Every aspect of immune function and host defense is dependent upon a proper supply and balance of nutrients. Severe malnutrition can cause significant alteration in immune response, but even subclinical deficits may be associated with an impaired immune response, and an increased risk of infection. Infectious diseases have accounted for more off-duty days during major wars than combat wounds or nonbattle injuries. Combined stressors may reduce the normal ability of soldiers to resist pathogens, increase their susceptibility to biological warfare agents, and reduce the effectiveness of vaccines intended to protect them. There is also a concern with the inappropriate use of dietary supplements. This book, one of a series, examines the impact of various types of stressors and the role of specific dietary nutrients in maintaining immune function of military personnel in the field. It reviews the impact of compromised nutrition status on immune function; the interaction of health, exercise, and stress (both physical and psychological) in immune function; and the role of nutritional supplements and newer biotechnology methods reported to enhance immune function. The first part of the book contains the committee's workshop summary and evaluation of ongoing research by Army scientists on immune status in special forces troops, responses to the Army's questions, conclusions, and recommendations. The rest of the book contains papers contributed by workshop speakers, grouped under such broad topics as an introduction to what is known about immune function, the assessment of immune function, the effect of nutrition, and the relation between the many and varied stresses encountered by military personnel and their effect on health.
Author : P.C. Calder
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 46,53 MB
Release : 2014-11-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3318027537
Lipids have been in clinical use as components of intravenous nutrition for over 50 years. Over the last 15 years, new and improved lipids that include olive oil and/or fish oil have replaced the more traditional ones. These new lipids offer the opportunity to deliver high amounts of fatty acids and possess different functional properties: in particular, they can influence inflammatory processes, immune responses and hepatic metabolism. This book brings together articles written by leading international authorities in the area of intravenous lipids. Contributions discuss the latest findings in the field, ranging from pre-clinical research to the most recent clinical trials. Lipid functionality and utility in pediatric, adult surgical and critically ill patients are covered, as is the use of lipids in long-term home parenteral nutrition. Addressing a broad spectrum of topics, this publication provides a wealth of information for basic scientists, clinical researchers and clinical practitioners alike.
Author : T. Ruzicka
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 50,36 MB
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3662102099
Therapeutic breakthroughs in medicine are usually accompanied by a wealth of data. Often they result in a change of disease treatment paradigms. Tacrolimus ointment is the first in the new class of steroid-free Topical Immunomodulators (TIMs), and as such represents the first true breakthrough since the introduction of topical steroids more than 50 years ago for the treatment of T-cell mediated inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis. This book gives an easy-to-read overview of the discovery and the development of Tacrolimus ointment for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Summarising the largest clinical trial program ever conducted in dermatology for a new treatment with more than 13000 patients, it offers a detailed insight into the efficacy and safety profile of Tacrolimus ointment. Based on this large body of data and extensive personal experience, the authors offer practical and hands-on guidance for the physician as to when and how to use Tacrolimus ointment in daily practice.
Author : Chiara Noli
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 796 pages
File Size : 34,79 MB
Release : 2013-10-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1118738896
The current state of knowledge on this increasingly important subject is beautifully described in this, the first truly comprehensive text of allergic diseases affecting the major veterinary species. It will be an invaluable guide to students, clinicians and researchers alike. From the Foreword by Professor Richard Halliwell, MS, PhD, VetMB, MRCVS, Dip ACVD Veterinary Allergy is the first comprehensive, high quality reference dealing with all aspects of veterinary allergy in all species and all body systems involved with allergy. Providing solid breadth and excellent depth of coverage, it deals with the immunopathology of the various allergic conditions as well as with clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of veterinary allergic diseases. Key features: Broad species coverage, organised by sections on dogs, cats, horses, and other domestic species including large animals, birds and small mammals Provides details on diseases affecting the skin, respiratory tract and gut Contains practical information for clinicians on management of allergic diseases Includes fully-referenced high level detail suitable for specialists and researchers Focused on evidence-based medicine and science The editors have extensive experience and are respected as world-wide experts in the field Every chapter is written by an expert in that particular topic Anyone seeking information and references on any aspect of allergic conditions in any species should find this book helpful. The book will be of interest to clinicians in first opinion practice, specialists in veterinary dermatology, gastroenterology, internal medicine, and immunology as well as specialists-in-training in those fields and veterinary students. The focus on underlying principles and practical clinical aspects is admirable. Immediately useful for practical utilization by practicing clinicians. Dr. Andrew Mackin BSc BVMS MVS DVSc FACVSc DSAM, Diplomate, American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Professor and Service Chief, Small Animal Internal Medicine, Dr. Hugh G. Ward Endowed Chair of Small Animal Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, USA
Author : European Commission. Scientific Committee on Food
Publisher :
Page : 478 pages
File Size : 41,74 MB
Release : 2006
Category : Dietary supplements
ISBN : 9789291990146
