Sponge Cities: Emerging Approaches, Challenges and Opportunities


Book Description

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Sponge Cities: Emerging Approaches, Challenges and Opportunities" that was published in Water







Plant Selection for Bioretention Systems and Stormwater Treatment Practices


Book Description

As cities develop, more land is converted into impervious surfaces, which do not allow water to infiltrate. Careful urban planning is needed to ensure that the hydrologic cycle and water quality of the catchment areas are not affected. There are techniques that can attenuate peak flow during rain events and reduce the amount of metals, nutrients, and bacteria that enter the urban water cycle. This brief gives a short introduction on bioretention systems and documents the effectiveness of some 36 plant species in removing water pollutants. A summary on the maintenance requirements is also presented.




Circular Economy Applications for Water Security


Book Description

In arid and semi-arid regions, where water demand exceeds water availability, water security is becoming a significant concern not only related to water availability but also to rigorous and costly requirements to remove conventional and emerging contaminants from effluents discharging into drinking water sources or as water reuse becomes an alternate water supply for communities in these regions. Water and wastewater treatment demands a great amount of energy and resources, highlighting the need for novel applications of the circular economy concept. Circular Economy Applications for Water Security examines knowledge gaps, avenues of future research, and challenges related to the potential of enhanced underutilized/waste materials as a transition to circular economy applications for ensuring the proper quality of water. This book includes fundamental information and practical examples that helps to better understand the concepts included. The circular economy concept is helpful to incept sustainability in the water treatment processes. Every chapter includes the identification of knowledge gaps, avenues for further research, and challenges that guide readers towards real state-of-the-art analysis. Contributors are experts in their areas and will commit to explaining concepts in a user-friendly way without missing scientific rigor.




Urban Stormwater Management in the United States


Book Description

The rapid conversion of land to urban and suburban areas has profoundly altered how water flows during and following storm events, putting higher volumes of water and more pollutants into the nation's rivers, lakes, and estuaries. These changes have degraded water quality and habitat in virtually every urban stream system. The Clean Water Act regulatory framework for addressing sewage and industrial wastes is not well suited to the more difficult problem of stormwater discharges. This book calls for an entirely new permitting structure that would put authority and accountability for stormwater discharges at the municipal level. A number of additional actions, such as conserving natural areas, reducing hard surface cover (e.g., roads and parking lots), and retrofitting urban areas with features that hold and treat stormwater, are recommended.




Treatment Wetlands


Book Description

Contents: Overview of Treatment Wetlands; Fundamentals of Treatment Wetlands; Horizontal Flow Wetlands; Vertical Flow Wetlands; French Vertical Flow Wetlands; Intensified and Modified Wetlands; Free Water Surface Wetlands; Other Applications; Additional Aspects.




Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation of Activated Sludge Systems


Book Description

Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation of Activated Sludge Systems – Second Edition provides, from the process engineering perspective, a comprehensive and up-to-date overview regarding various aspects of the mechanistic (“white box”) modelling and simulation of advanced activated sludge systems performing biological nutrient removal. In the new edition of the book, a special focus is given to nitrogen removal and the latest developments in modelling the innovative nitrogen removal processes. Furthermore, a new section on micropollutant removal has been added. The focus of modelling has been shifting in the last years to models that can describe the performance of a whole plant (plant-wide modelling). The expanded part of this new edition introduces models describing the most important processes interrelated with the mainstream activated sludge systems as well as models describing the energy balance, operating costs and environmental impact. The complex process evaluation, including minimization of energy consumption and carbon footprint, is in line with the present and future wastewater treatment goals. By combining a general introduction and a textbook, this book serves both intermediate and more experienced model users, both researchers and practitioners, as a comprehensive guide to modelling and simulation studies. The book can be used as a supplemental material at graduate and post-graduate levels of wastewater engineering/modelling courses.




Water-Wise Cities and Sustainable Water Systems


Book Description

Building water-wise cities is a pressing need nowadays in both developed and developing countries. This is mainly due to the limitation of the available water resources and aging infrastructure to meet the needs of adapting to social and environmental changes and for urban liveability. This is the first book to provide comprehensive insights into theoretical, systematic, and engineering aspects of water-wise cities with a broad coverage of global issues. The book aims to (1) provide a theoretical framework of water-wise cities and associated sustainable water systems including key concepts and principles, (2) provide a brand-new thinking on the design and management of sustainable urban water systems of various scales towards a paradigm shift under the resource and environmental constraints, and (3) provide a technological perspective with successful case studies of technology selection, integration, and optimization on the “fit-for-purpose” basis.




Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals


Book Description

Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals encompasses the potential of microbial electrochemical technologies, delineating their role in developing a technology for abating environmental crisis and enabling transformation to a sustainable future. The book provides new and futuristic methods for bioelectrogenesis, multiple product synthesis, waste remediation strategies, and electromicrobiology generation which are widely essential to individuals from industry, marketing, activists, writers, etc. In addition, it provides essential knowledge transfer to researchers, students and science enthusiasts on Microbial Electrochemical Technologies, detailing the functional mechanisms employed, various operational configurations, influencing factors governing the reaction progress and integration strategies. With these key topics and features, the book generates interest among a wide range of people related to renewable energy generation and sustainable environmental research. - Depicts the holistic view of the multiple applications of Microbial Electrochemical Technologies (METs) in a unified comprehensible manner - Provides strategic integrations of MET with various bioprocesses that are essential in establishing a circular biorefinery - Widens the scope of the existing technologies, giving up-to date, state-of-the-art information and knowledge on research and commercialization - Contains topics that are lucid, providing interdisciplinary knowledge on the environment, molecular biology, engineering, biotechnology, microbiology and economic aspects - Includes more than 75 illustrations, figures, diagrams, flow charts, and tables for further study