Electromagnetism and the Structure of Matter


Book Description

The classical theory of electromagnetism is entirely revised in this book by proposing a variant of Maxwell equations that allows solitonic solutions (photons). The Lagrangian is the standard one, but it is minimized on a constrained space that enforces the wave packets to follow the rules of geometrical optics. Exact solutions are explicitly shown; this opens a completely new perspective for the study of light wave phenomena. In the framework of general relativity, the equations are written in covariant form. A coupling with the metric is obtained through the Einstein equation, whose solutions are computed exactly in a lot of original situations. Finally, the explicit construction of elementary particles, consisting of rotating photons, is indicated. The results agree qualitatively and quantitatively with what it is actually observed. This opens the path to an understanding of the structure of matter and its properties, also aimed to provide a causal explanation to quantum phenomena.




Structure of Matter


Book Description

This textbook, now in its third edition, provides a formative introduction to the structure of matter that will serve as a sound basis for students proceeding to more complex courses, thus bridging the gap between elementary physics and topics pertaining to research activities. The focus is deliberately limited to key concepts of atoms, molecules and solids, examining the basic structural aspects without paying detailed attention to the related properties. For many topics the aim has been to start from the beginning and to guide the reader to the threshold of advanced research. This edition includes four new chapters dealing with relevant phases of solid matter (magnetic, electric and superconductive) and the related phase transitions. The book is based on a mixture of theory and solved problems that are integrated into the formal presentation of the arguments. Readers will find it invaluable in enabling them to acquire basic knowledge in the wide and wonderful field of condensed matter and to understand how phenomenological properties originate from the microscopic, quantum features of nature.




Magnetism and Structure in Functional Materials


Book Description

Magnetism and Structure in Functional Materials addresses three distinct but related topics: (i) magnetoelastic materials such as magnetic martensites and magnetic shape memory alloys, (ii) the magnetocaloric effect related to magnetostructural transitions, and (iii) colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) and related manganites. The goal is to identify common underlying principles in these classes of materials that are relevant for optimizing various functionalities. The emergence of apparently different magnetic/structural phenomena in disparate classes of materials clearly points to a need for common concepts in order to achieve a broader understanding of the interplay between magnetism and structure in this general class of new functional materials exhibiting ever more complex microstructure and function. The topic is interdisciplinary in nature and the contributors correspondingly include physicists, materials scientists and engineers. Likewise the book will appeal to scientists from all these areas.







Structure of Matter


Book Description

The Collected Works of Irving Langmuir: Volume 6, Structure of Matter deals with the research work of Irving Langmuir in the field of thermionics, gaseous discharge, and on the structure of atoms with emphasis on valence. Some of the paper he writes on the subject of atomic structure are: "The Structure of Atoms and the Octet Theory of Valence," "The Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms and Molecules," and "The Octet Theory of Valence and its Applications with Special Reference to Organic Nitrogen Compounds." He challenges the complexities of valence theory and atomic structure, leading to a complete change of the theoretical structure of the subject of chemistry. Langmuir also works on molecules and crystalline structures, and applies the structures of crystals to check and confirm his own theories on molecular structure. His assumption that "the force between molecules in contact can be considered as caused by a surface energy proportional to the area over which the molecules are in contact" provides a solid foundation for explaining the properties of many chemical substances. Chemists, students, academicians, scientists, and general readers interested in the lives of great men in science will find this book very informative.




Magnetism and Magnetic Materials


Book Description

An essential textbook for graduate courses on magnetism and an important source of practical reference data.




Magnetism in Condensed Matter


Book Description

An understanding of the quantum mechanical nature of magnetism has led to the development of new magnetic materials which are used as permanent magnets, sensors, and information storage. Behind these practical applications lie a range of fundamental ideas, including symmetry breaking, order parameters, excitations, frustration, and reduced dimensionality. This superb new textbook presents a logical account of these ideas, staring from basic concepts in electromagnetsim and quantum mechanics. It outlines the origin of magnetic moments in atoms and how these moments can be affected by their local environment inside a crystal. The different types of interactions which can be present between magnetic moments are described. The final chapters of the book are devoted to the magnetic properties of metals, and to the complex behaviour which can occur when competing magnetic interactions are present and/or the system has a reduced dimensionality. Throughout the text, the theorectical principles are applied to real systems. There is substantial discussion of experimental techniques and current reserach topics. The book is copiously illustrated and contains detailed appendices which cover the fundamental principles.




Magnetism


Book Description

Combining the contemporary knowledge from widely scattered sources, this is a much-needed and comprehensive overview of the field. In maintaining a balance between theory and experiment, the book guides both advanced students and specialists to this research area. Topical reviews written by the foremost scientists explain recent trends and advances, focusing on the correlations between electronic structure and magnetic properties. The book spans recent trends in magnetism for molecules -- as well as inorganic-based materials, with an emphasis on new phenomena being explored from both experimental and theoretical viewpoints with the aim of understanding magnetism on the atomic scale. The volume helps readers evaluate their own experimental observations and serves as a basis for the design of new magnetic materials. Topics covered include: * Metallocenium Salts of Radical Anion Bis-(dichalcogenate) metalates * Chiral Molecule-Based Magnets * Cooperative Magnetic Behavior in Metal-Dicyanamide Complexes * Lanthanide Ions in Molecular Exchange Coupled Systems * Monte Carlo Simulation * Metallocene-Based Magnets * Magnetic Nanoporous Molecular Materials A unique reference work, indispensable for everyone concerned with the phenomena of magnetism.




The Actinides


Book Description