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The Nature of Psychological Explanation

Author : Robert Cummins

Publisher : Bradford Books

Page : 219 pages

File Size : 50,87 MB

Release : 1985

Category : Psychology

ISBN : 9780262530651

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Book Description

In exploring the nature of psychological explanation, this book looks at how psychologists theorize about the human ability to calculate, to speak a language and the like. It shows how good theorizing explains or tries to explain such abilities as perception and cognition. It recasts the familiar explanations of "intelligence" and "cognitive capacity" as put forward by philosophers such as Fodor, Dennett, and others in terms of a theory of explanation that makes established doctrine more intelligible to professionals and their students.In particular, the book shows that vestigial adherence to the positivists' D-N model has distorted the view of philosophers of science about what psychologists (and biologists) do and has masked the real nature of explanation. Major sections in the book cover Analysis and Subsumption; Functional Analysis; Understanding Cognitive Capacities; and Historical Reflections.Robert Cummins is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Illinois, Chicago Circle. A Bradford Book.



The Nature of Psychology

Author : Kenneth J. W. Craik

Publisher : Cambridge University Press

Page : 210 pages

File Size : 37,8 MB

Release : 1966

Category : Psychology

ISBN : 0521047544

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Book Description

This selection of papers from Kenneth Craik, explores the measurement of perception, sensory physiology and the relationship of nervous function to machines.



The Nature of Explanation

Author : K. J. W. Craik

Publisher : CUP Archive

Page : 140 pages

File Size : 37,12 MB

Release : 1967-10

Category : Psychology

ISBN : 9780521094450

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Book Description

In his only complete work of any length, Kenneth Craik considers thought as a term for the conscious working of a highly complex machine.





Explanation and Experiment in Social Psychological Science

Author : John D. Greenwood

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 370 pages

File Size : 48,76 MB

Release : 2012-12-06

Category : Psychology

ISBN : 1461388015

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Book Description

This book is about explanation and experiment in a science of human action. It aims to provide a philosophy of social psychological science that both embodies sound principles of scientific reasoning and is sensitive to the social psychological dimensions of human action. The guiding principle of this book is the belief that the logical forms of causal explanation and experimental evaluation can be ef fectively employed in the scientific analysis of meaningful human action. According to most accounts, social psychological science has been in a more or less constant state of crisis for the past decades, having been subject to a host of criticisms on moral, political, methodological, and philosophical grounds. Many of these critiques have been directed against the still dominant conception of social psychological enquiry as a causal and objective scientific discipline that is closely analogous to (if not to be identified as a branch ot) the natural sciences. Thus, many of the most vigorous debates have concerned the nature of explanation and the utility of experimentation in a social psychological discipline.



Psychological Analysis

Author : Adam Sarhan

Publisher : John Wiley & Sons

Page : 279 pages

File Size : 25,50 MB

Release : 2021-12-29

Category : Business & Economics

ISBN : 1119282047

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Book Description

Beat the market by using Psychological Analysis for investing and trading under any conditions Conventional wisdom tells us that people are rational and make rational decisions with their money. But that’s simply not true considering most people fail to beat the market. Conventional wisdom also tells us that there are two primary ways to approach the market: technical and fundamental analysis. Again, that is not true because if it were—everyone would be rich. Think about it, how many times have you seen stocks with poor fundamentals go up, or stocks with great technicals go down? It’s obvious that something is missing. Author Adam Sarhan, Founder and CEO of 50 Park Investments, developed a new approach, titled, Psychological Analysis (PA). Coined by the author, the term teaches you how to make rational, not emotional, decisions with your money and shows you how to analyze both the individual and collective market mindset at a particular time based on the behavior and decision-making of people in the real-world. Psychological Analysis is designed to tip the odds of success in your favor. After studying every major economic and market cycle going back to the 3rd century, the author explains that human nature is the one constant and tells you what actually drives markets. Psychological Analysis is responsible for major and minor market moves today, tomorrow, and all throughout history. Adam shows you that there are more factors that influence price than just fundamental or technical analysis and how to bring out the smart money superhero inside you. This invaluable guide helps you: Make rational, not emotional, decisions with your money—especially when you are under pressure Understand the psyche of the market so you can learn how to join the Smart Money Circle and consistently take money out Generate above average returns in all market environments Incorporate Psychological Analysis into your overall trading and investing strategy so you can make smarter decisions on and off Wall Street Psychological Analysis: How to Outsmart the Market One Trade at a Time is a must-have resource for traders, investors, finance professionals, and anyone who wants to profit regardless of market conditions.



The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Psychology

Author : Sarah Robins

Publisher : Routledge

Page : 736 pages

File Size : 20,76 MB

Release : 2009-09-11

Category : Philosophy

ISBN : 1134155786

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Book Description

The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Psychology is an invaluable guide and major reference source to the major topics, problems, concepts and debates in philosophy of psychology and is the first companion of its kind. A team of renowned international contributors provide forty-two chapters organised into six clear parts: I. Historical background to the philosophy of psychology II. Psychological explanation III. Cognition and representation IV. The biological basis of psychology V. Perceptual experience VI. Personhood The Companion covers key topics such as the origins of experimental psychology; folk psychology; behaviorism and functionalism; philosophy, psychology and neuroscience; the language of thought, modularity, nativism and representational theories of mind; consciousness and the senses; personal identity; the philosophy of psychopathology and dreams, emotion and temporality. Essential reading for all students of philosophy of mind, science and psychology, The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Psychology will also be of interest to anyone studying psychology and its related disciplines.



The Nature of Theory and Research in Social Psychology

Author : Clyde Hendrick

Publisher : Academic Press

Page : 381 pages

File Size : 37,49 MB

Release : 2013-10-22

Category : Social Science

ISBN : 1483260895

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Book Description

The Nature of Theory and Research in Social Psychology aims to provide advanced undergraduate and graduate students with a solid foundation in the logic of theory construction and the experimental method; and to teach students how to read, critically evaluate, and appreciate professional literature in the behavioral sciences. The book is believed to be unique in this latter respect and that it will serve a vital need in several different courses. The book is organized into two parts. Part I contains a detailed exposition of the nature of theory and research. It discusses the nature of formal theory, derivation of hypotheses, and the testing of hypotheses. It explicates in great detail the experimental approach to hypothesis testing. Both formal and informal aspects of a psychological experiment are discussed. Part II includes five chapters that enable students to put their analytical skills to use. Five substantive areas from social psychology have been selected. Each chapter includes three reprinted journal articles, and the chapter may be considered a ""case study"" in the analysis of experimental research in a given problem area. The following topics are covered in this section: dissonance and disconfirmed expectancies; dissonance and severity of initiation, primary-recency in personality impression formation, forewarning and anticipatory attitude change, and dependency and helping.



The WEIRDest People in the World

Author : Joseph Henrich

Publisher : Farrar, Straus and Giroux

Page : 420 pages

File Size : 35,4 MB

Release : 2020-09-08

Category : Psychology

ISBN : 0374710457

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Book Description

A New York Times Notable Book of 2020 A Bloomberg Best Non-Fiction Book of 2020 A Behavioral Scientist Notable Book of 2020 A Human Behavior & Evolution Society Must-Read Popular Evolution Book of 2020 A bold, epic account of how the co-evolution of psychology and culture created the peculiar Western mind that has profoundly shaped the modern world. Perhaps you are WEIRD: raised in a society that is Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic. If so, you’re rather psychologically peculiar. Unlike much of the world today, and most people who have ever lived, WEIRD people are highly individualistic, self-obsessed, control-oriented, nonconformist, and analytical. They focus on themselves—their attributes, accomplishments, and aspirations—over their relationships and social roles. How did WEIRD populations become so psychologically distinct? What role did these psychological differences play in the industrial revolution and the global expansion of Europe during the last few centuries? In The WEIRDest People in the World, Joseph Henrich draws on cutting-edge research in anthropology, psychology, economics, and evolutionary biology to explore these questions and more. He illuminates the origins and evolution of family structures, marriage, and religion, and the profound impact these cultural transformations had on human psychology. Mapping these shifts through ancient history and late antiquity, Henrich reveals that the most fundamental institutions of kinship and marriage changed dramatically under pressure from the Roman Catholic Church. It was these changes that gave rise to the WEIRD psychology that would coevolve with impersonal markets, occupational specialization, and free competition—laying the foundation for the modern world. Provocative and engaging in both its broad scope and its surprising details, The WEIRDest People in the World explores how culture, institutions, and psychology shape one another, and explains what this means for both our most personal sense of who we are as individuals and also the large-scale social, political, and economic forces that drive human history. Includes black-and-white illustrations.



Identity and the Natural Environment

Author : Susan Clayton

Publisher : MIT Press

Page : 374 pages

File Size : 28,82 MB

Release : 2003-11-07

Category : Science

ISBN : 9780262532068

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Book Description

The often impassioned nature of environmental conflicts can be attributed to the fact that they are bound up with our sense of personal and social identity. Environmental identity—how we orient ourselves to the natural world—leads us to personalize abstract global issues and take action (or not) according to our sense of who we are. We may know about the greenhouse effect—but can we give up our SUV for a more fuel-efficient car? Understanding this psychological connection can lead to more effective pro-environmental policymaking. Identity and the Natural Environment examines the ways in which our sense of who we are affects our relationship with nature, and vice versa. This book brings together cutting-edge work on the topic of identity and the environment, sampling the variety and energy of this emerging field but also placing it within a descriptive framework. These theory-based, empirical studies locate environmental identity on a continuum of social influence, and the book is divided into three sections reflecting minimal, moderate, or strong social influence. Throughout, the contributors focus on the interplay between social and environmental forces; as one local activist says, "We don't know if we're organizing communities to plant trees, or planting trees to organize communities."