The Spirit of 1896


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The Spirit of Hispanism


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In the late nineteenth century, Spanish intellectuals and entrepreneurs became captivated with Hispanism, a movement of transatlantic rapprochement between Spain and Latin America. Not only was this movement envisioned as a form of cultural empire to symbolically compensate for Spain’s colonial decline but it was also imagined as an opportunity to materially regain the Latin American markets. Paradoxically, a central trope of Hispanist discourse was the antimaterialistic character of Hispanic culture, allegedly the legacy of the moral superiority of Spanish colonialism in comparison with the commercial drive of modern colonial projects. This study examines how Spanish authors, economists, and entrepreneurs of various ideological backgrounds strove to reconcile the construction of Hispanic cultural identity with discourses of political economy and commercial interests surrounding the movement. Drawing from an interdisciplinary archive of literary essays, economic treatises, and political discourses, The Spirit of Hispanism revisits Peninsular Hispanism to underscore how the interlacing of cultural and commercial interests fundamentally shaped the Hispanist movement. The Spirit of Hispanism will appeal to scholars in Hispanic literary and cultural studies as well as historians and anthropologists who specialize in the history of Spain and Latin America.




Miscellaneous Writings


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The Philippine Revolution of 1896


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This volume makes available selected works by scholars from around the world, using varied historical sources, bringing new perspectives on the Philippine Revolutionary War of 1896.







Bold Spirit


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In 1896, a Norwegian immigrant and mother of eight children named Helga Estby was behind on taxes and the mortgage when she learned that a mysterious sponsor would pay $10,000 to a woman who walked across America. Hoping to win the wager and save her family’s farm, Helga and her teenaged daughter Clara, armed with little more than a compass, red-pepper spray, a revolver, and Clara’s curling iron, set out on foot from Eastern Washington. Their route would pass through 14 states, but they were not allowed to carry more than five dollars each. As they visited Indian reservations, Western boomtowns, remote ranches and local civic leaders, they confronted snowstorms, hunger, thieves and mountain lions with equal aplomb. Their treacherous and inspirational journey to New York challenged contemporary notions of femininity and captured the public imagination. But their trip had such devastating consequences that the Estby women's achievement was blanketed in silence until, nearly a century later, Linda Lawrence Hunt encountered their extraordinary story.




In Excelsis


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Revolutionary Spirit


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A study of Rizal, his works, and his influence in Southeast Asia; how his contemporaries saw him; the role Rizal played in inspiring Indonesian nationalists; how the Indonesians and Malaysians appropriated him in the movement for independence, and how he figures in the region's intellectual, political and literary discourse.







Philosophy as an Approach to the Spirit


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"What was important for Steiner was less the body of his ideas themselves than the transformation they can bring about in the reader by opening the mind to the real nature of the spiritual world. Philosophy, properly regarded, is not the intellectual solution of abstract questions not being asked, but an activity that helps to resolve the questions that arise in the course of life itself. It must therefore itself become organically alive" (from the preface). The object of this study is to outline, as straightforwardly as possible, the whole range of the philosophical work by Rudolf Steiner. These works were far ahead of their time and not widely recognized, remaining virtually unknown to most modern philosophers. Steiner's later works of spiritual science and their practical manifestation in many aspects of life--including education, agriculture, and medicine--are nevertheless gaining increasing interest. In this context, his philosophy, which lays the foundation for all that followed, needs to be widely understood. Because this philosophy describes Steiner's living experiences of the physical and invisible worlds, the author places it in the context of a brief biography to show how Steiner's thinking developed. Richard Seddon's studies in moral sciences convinced him that Rudolf Steiner's resolution of the main problems of philosophy since Aristotle was correct. After a half century of subsequent work in Anthroposophy, he saw the need for an introductory volume that clearly lays out Steiner's views without the complications that arise in the context of late nineteenth-century philosophy. This book is the result, intended both for students of Anthroposophy who have no knowledge of philosophy, as well as for students of philosophy who have no knowledge of Anthroposophy.