Topics in Iteration Theory


Book Description







Iteration Theories


Book Description

This monograph contains the results of our joint research over the last ten years on the logic of the fixed point operation. The intended au dience consists of graduate students and research scientists interested in mathematical treatments of semantics. We assume the reader has a good mathematical background, although we provide some prelimi nary facts in Chapter 1. Written both for graduate students and research scientists in theoret ical computer science and mathematics, the book provides a detailed investigation of the properties of the fixed point or iteration operation. Iteration plays a fundamental role in the theory of computation: for example, in the theory of automata, in formal language theory, in the study of formal power series, in the semantics of flowchart algorithms and programming languages, and in circular data type definitions. It is shown that in all structures that have been used as semantical models, the equational properties of the fixed point operation are cap tured by the axioms describing iteration theories. These structures include ordered algebras, partial functions, relations, finitary and in finitary regular languages, trees, synchronization trees, 2-categories, and others.




Iteration Theory - Proceedings Of The European Conference


Book Description

Iteration theory has its roots in the operation of substituting functions into itself. This has led to questions like that of the behaviour of functions by repeating this substitution and when the number of iterations tends to infinity. The terms 'orbit' and 'chaos' appropriately describe this behaviour. Dynamical systems and the theory of functional equations play important roles in this field.




Iterative Functional Equations


Book Description

A cohesive and comprehensive account of the modern theory of iterative functional equations. Many of the results included have appeared before only in research literature, making this an essential volume for all those working in functional equations and in such areas as dynamical systems and chaos, to which the theory is closely related. The authors introduce the reader to the theory and then explore the most recent developments and general results. Fundamental notions such as the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the equations are stressed throughout, as are applications of the theory to such areas as branching processes, differential equations, ergodic theory, functional analysis and geometry. Other topics covered include systems of linear and nonlinear equations of finite and infinite ORD various function classes, conjugate and commutable functions, linearization, iterative roots of functions, and special functional equations.







Discrete Iterations


Book Description

a c 9 h In presenting this monograph, I would like to indicate both its orientation as well as my personal reasons for being interested in discrete iterations (that is, iterations on a generally very large,jinite set). While working in numerical analysis I have been interested in two main aspects: - the algorithmic aspect: an iterative algorithm is a mathematical entity which behaves in a dynamic fashion. Even if it is started far from a solution, it will often tend to get closer and closer. - the mathematical aspect: this consists of a coherent and rigorous analy sis of convergence, with the aid of mathematical tools (these tools are mainly the use of norms for convergence proofs, the use of matrix algebra and so on). One may for example refer to the algorithmic and mathematical aspects of Newton's method in JRn as well as to the QR algorithm for eigenvalues of matrices. These two algorithms seem to me to be the most fascinating algorithms in numerical analysis, since both show a remarkable practical efficiency even though there exist relatively few global convergence results for them.




Iterate


Book Description

How to confront, embrace, and learn from the unavoidable failures of creative practice; with case studies that range from winemaking to animation. Failure is an inevitable part of any creative practice. As game designers, John Sharp and Colleen Macklin have grappled with crises of creativity, false starts, and bad outcomes. Their tool for coping with the many varieties of failure: iteration, the cyclical process of conceptualizing, prototyping, testing, and evaluating. Sharp and Macklin have found that failure—often hidden, covered up, a source of embarrassment—is the secret ingredient of iterative creative process. In Iterate, they explain how to fail better. After laying out the four components of creative practice—intention, outcome, process, and evaluation—Sharp and Macklin describe iterative methods from a wide variety of fields. They show, for example, how Radiolab cohosts Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich experiment with radio as a storytelling medium; how professional skateboarder Amelia Bródka develops skateboarding tricks through trial and error; and how artistic polymath Miranda July explores human frailty through a variety of media and techniques. Whimsical illustrations tell parallel stories of iteration, as hard-working cartoon figures bake cupcakes, experiment with levitating office chairs, and think outside the box in toothbrush design (“let's add propellers!”). All, in their various ways, use iteration to transform failure into creative outcomes. With Iterate, Sharp and Macklin offer useful lessons for anyone interested in the creative process. Case Studies: Allison Tauziet, winemaker; Matthew Maloney, animator; Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, Radiolab cohosts; Wylie Dufresne, chef; Nathalie Pozzi, architect, and Eric Zimmerman, game designer; Andy Milne, jazz musician; Amelia Bródka, skateboarder; Baratunde Thurston, comedian; Cas Holman, toy designer; Miranda July, writer and filmmaker




Functional Equations: History, Applications and Theory


Book Description

Approach your problems from It isn't that they can't see the right end and begin with the solution. It is that they the answers. Then one day, can't see the problem. perhaps you will find the G.K. Chesterton. The Scandal of final question. Father Brown 'The Point of a Pin' . 'The Hermit Clad ~n Crane Feathers' in R. van Gulik's The Chinese Haze Murders. Growing specialization and diversification have brought a host of monographs and textbooks on increasingly specialized topics. However, the "tree" of knowledge of mathematics and related fields does not grow only by putting forth new branches. It also happens, quite often in fact, that branches which were thought to be completely disparate are suddenly seen to be related. Further, the kind and level of sophistication of mathe matics applied in various sciences has changed drastically in recent years: measure theory is used (non-trivially) ~n re gional and theoretical economics; algebraic geometry interacts with physics; the Minkowsky lemma, coding theory and the structure of water meet one another in packing and covering theory; quantum fields, crystal defects and mathematical pro gramming profit from homotopy theory; Lie algebras are rele vant to filtering; and prediction and electrical en~ineering can use Stein spaces. And in addition to this there are such new emerging subdisciplines as "completely integrable systems", "chaos, synergetics and large-scale order", which are almost impossible to fit into the existinf, classifi~ation schemes. They draw upon widely different sections of mathematics.




Aggregating clones, colors, equations, iterates, numbers, and tiles


Book Description

The journal aequationes mathematicae publishes papers in pure and applied mathematics and, in particular, articles on functional equations, combinatorics and dynamical systems. Its 50th volume appears in 1995. To mark this occasion, we are publishing in book form a repre sentative collection of outstanding survey papers assembled for our anniversary issue of aequationes mathematicae. The articles by Quackenbush, Targonski and Moszner discuss composition of functions from different points of view: universal algebra, dynamical systems (iteration) and functional equa tions. The Ono-Robbins-Wahl and the Vince papers, on number theory and tiles, respectively, are thematically linked by lattices. Combinatorics, in turn, links the Vince paper with that of Tutte, whose subject is chromatic sums, its tools differential and functional equations. The Paganoni-Ratz and the Forti papers deal with conditional functional equations and with the related topic of stability. Applications to the social and behavioral sciences, in particular to aggregation (and some theory) are presented in the paper by J. Aczel. The aim of the collection is to survey selected fields of current interest. We trust that it will be useful and informative for researchers, teachers, graduate and advanced undergraduate stu dents of mathematics, and for those interested in applications in related fields. lanDs Aczel Aequationes Mathematicae 50 (1995) 1 0001-9054/95/020001-01 $1.50 + 0.20/0 University of Waterloo © 1995 Birkhiiuser Verlag, Basel Editorial Volume 50 of Aequationes Mathematicae This is the fiftieth volume of aequationes mathematicae. Not only our modesty but also lack of space keeps us from self-congratulation.