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Genetics and Improvement of Forest Trees

Author : Yuji Ide

Publisher : MDPI

Page : 328 pages

File Size : 33,83 MB

Release : 2021-08-16

Category : Science

ISBN : 303651242X

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Book Description

Forest tree improvement has mainly been implemented to enhance the productivity of artificial forests. However, given the drastically changing global environment, improvement of various traits related to environmental adaptability is more essential than ever. This book focuses on genetic information, including trait heritability and the physiological mechanisms thereof, which facilitate tree improvement. Nineteen papers are included, reporting genetic approaches to improving various species, including conifers, broad-leaf trees, and bamboo. All of the papers in this book provide cutting-edge genetic information on tree genetics and suggest research directions for future tree improvement.



Predicting Breeding Values with Applications in Forest Tree Improvement

Author : T.L. White

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 394 pages

File Size : 25,36 MB

Release : 1989-09-30

Category : Nature

ISBN : 9780792304609

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Book Description

In most breeding programs of plant and animal species, genetic data (such as data from field progeny tests) are used to rank parents and help choose candidates for selection. In general, all selection processes first rank the candidates using some function of the observed data and then choose as the selected portion those candidates with the largest (or smallest) values of that function. To make maximum progress from selection, it is necessary to use a function of the data that results in the candidates being ranked as closely as possible to the true (but always unknown) ranking. Very often the observed data on various candidates are messy and unbalanced and this complicates the process of developing precise and accurate rankings. For example, for any given candidate, there may be data on that candidate and its siblings growing in several field tests of different ages. Also, there may be performance data on siblings, ancestors or other relatives from greenhouse, laboratory or other field tests. In addition, data on different candidates may differ drastically in terms of quality and quantity available and may come from varied relatives. Genetic improvement programs which make most effective use of these varied, messy, unbalanced and ancestral data will maximize progress from all stages of selection. In this regard, there are two analytical techniques, best linear prediction (BLP) and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP), which are quite well-suited to predicting genetic values from a wide variety of sources, ages, qualities and quantities of data.



Forest Tree Breeding in Europe

Author : Luc E Pâques

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 526 pages

File Size : 25,7 MB

Release : 2013-05-31

Category : Science

ISBN : 9400761465

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Book Description

Forest tree breeding has been ongoing for more than 70 years across Europe. It has successfully generated improved varieties for the major economical forest tree species. They are part of the present European forestry landscape and largely contribute to intensive wood production and other forest activities. In this book, we describe the state-of-art of breeding for the main forest tree species. We provide a comprehensive, unique and up-to-date overview of the major scientific results and breeding achievements gathered from the many programmes scattered across Europe. The book is divided into 10 chapters, each as a monograph corresponding to a species or group of species Abies spp., (Larix spp., Picea abies, Picea sitchensis, Pinus sylvestris, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Mediterranean pines; Acer pseudoplatanus, Fraxinus excelsior, and Prunus avium). Each of them is written by a group of experts and focuses on the distribution and economical importance of the species; motivation for breeding and breeding objectives; intraspecific genetic variability, breeding populations and breeding strategy; forest reproductive material deployment including mass-propagation and, prospects and perspectives for joint research and breeding. The book is a unique and up-dated source of information for students, researchers and professionals interested in the genetics and domestication of forest tree species.



Tree Breeding: Principles and Strategies

Author : G. Namkoong

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 186 pages

File Size : 15,27 MB

Release : 2012-12-06

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 1461238927

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Book Description

It has become apparent, during discussions with students and colleagues in forest genetics, that a universal concern is the achievement of diverse goals of forestry from fiber production in industrial as well as farm forests to conserving forest ecosystems. Although we generally have several breeding methods available and several species to breed, we seek to satisfy multiple-use goals on diverse sites by management techniques that at best can only partially control edaphic environmental variation. The dominant approach, which was agriculturally motivated, has involved inten sive effort with complicated breeding plans on single species for uniform adaptability and single-product plantations. However, this is obviously neither the only, nor necessarily the best, solution for the genetic management of tree species, and thus our intent in this volume is to develop ways to achieve multiple objectives in tree breeding. We include an array of breeding plans from simple iterated designs to sets of multiple populations capable of using gene actions for different traits in different environments for uncertain futures. The presentation is organized around the development of breeding from single-to multiple-option plans, from single to multiple traits, from single to mUltiple environ ments, and from single to multiple populations. However, it is not a complete "How To" book, and includes neither exercises nor instructions on data handling. It also does not include discussion of all modes of reproduction and inheritance encountered in plants.



Tree Breeding and Improvement Theory and Technology

Author : K.T. Parthiban

Publisher : Scientific Publishers

Page : 391 pages

File Size : 31,26 MB

Release : 2020-05-19

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 9389412846

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Book Description

Tree Breeding and lmprovement is gaining significant attention and attraction across the country as a scientific tool to enhance the productivity and wood quality besides facilitating conservation of Forest Genetic Resources. The science of Tree Breeding is comparatively young but extended greater scope in the recent past in operational plantation development programme. The Tree Breeding and lmprovement has been incorporated as a subject in Under Graduate as well as Post graduate degree programme in Forestry offered at various State Agricultural Universities of the country. The existing text books on Tree Breeding are very limited and the practical aspects of tree breeding have not been evidenced in most books. The students and the tree breeding scientists require a comprehensive text book incorporating all theoretical and practical aspects of tree breeding. Accordingly the current book entitled “TREE BREEDING AND IMPROVEMENT - THEORY AND TECHNlQUES” has been designed with 18 chapters. The basic and fundamental aspects of tree breeding have been presented in chapter 1. The chapters 2 and 3 elaborate the Center’s of origin and pollination mechanism of trees. The theoretical and practical aspects of tree breeding methods, hybrid development, genetic tests and their biometric analysis have been presented with suitable field level examples from chapter 4 to 9. Incorporation of Seed orchard, clonal forestry, Exotic Forestry and Forest Biotechnology with -the-state-of-art- recent development will find greater utility by the students and researchers. Above all, the chapters on Varietal Developmental Process, Variety Registration and Organizations involved in tree breeding will have profound utility. ln a holistic perspective, the information furnished in the book will act as a great piece of information to the graduating scholars to understand theoretical and practical aspects of tree breeding towards satisfying their academic needs besides applying them in tree breeding research. For the scientists and teaching faculties, the book will act as a ready reckoner not only for reference but also to apply them in all field level applications.



Introduction to Forest Genetics

Author : Jonathan Wright

Publisher : Elsevier

Page : 480 pages

File Size : 12,11 MB

Release : 2012-12-02

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 0323148883

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Book Description

Introduction to Forest Genetics examines some of the basic genetic concepts typically used in forestry and tree improvement studies, including Mendelian and population genetics. It also describes techniques that are generally useful in tree improvement work, including individual tree selection and breeding, provenance testing, species and racial hybridization, and introduction of exotics. Organized into 19 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of forest genetics and problems associated with forest genetics. It then discusses concepts from basic genetics, including chromosome structure and function; DNA and RNA; nongenetic inheritance; and genotype versus phenotype. Other chapters focus on inbreeding: complete elimination of homozygous recessive trees; mutation and migration; and controlled pollination and vegetative propagation. The book also covers the establishment and measurement of test plantations; general principles and methods of selective breeding; choice of breeding method and type of seed orchard; heritability and genetic gain; geographic variation in Scotch pine and American trees; species and racial hybridization; chromosome studies; and polyploidy and haploidy breeding. This book is a valuable resource for foresters, professional tree breeders, and those with or without previous training in genetics or forestry.



Encyclopedia of Forest Sciences

Author : Julian Evans

Publisher : Academic Press

Page : 5752 pages

File Size : 36,37 MB

Release : 2004-04-02

Category : Nature

ISBN : 0080548016

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Book Description

A combination of broad disciplinary coverage and scientific excellence, the Encyclopedia of Forest Sciences will be an indispensable addition to the library of anyone interested in forests, forestry and forest sciences. Packed with valuable insights from experts all over the world, this remarkable set not only summarizes recent advances in forest science techniques, but also thoroughly covers the basic information vital to comprehensive understanding of the important elements of forestry. The Encyclopedia of Forest Sciences also covers relevant biology and ecology, different types of forestry (e.g. tropical forestry and dryland forestry), scientific names of trees and shrubs, and the applied, economic, and social aspects of forest management. Valuable key features further enhance the utility of this Encyclopedia as an exceptional reference tool. Also available online via ScienceDirect – featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and easy. For more information, pricing options and availability visit www.info.sciencedirect.com. Edited and written by a distinguished group of editors and contributors Well-organized encyclopedic format provides concise, readable entries, easy searches, and thorough cross-references Illustrative tables, figures, and photographs in every entry, produced in full color Comprehensive glossary defines new and important terms Complete, up-to-date coverage of over 60 areas of forest sciences - sure to be of interest to scientists, students, and professionals alike! Editor-in-Chief is the past president of the International Union of Forestry Research Organizations, the oldest international collaborative forestry research organization with over 15,000 scientists from 100 countries



Applications of Biotechnology in Forestry and Horticulture

Author : V. Dhawan

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 373 pages

File Size : 16,79 MB

Release : 2012-12-06

Category : Science

ISBN : 146841321X

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Book Description

Major and exciting changes have taken place recently in various aspects of bio technology and its applications to forestry. Even more exciting is the prospect of major innovations that the entire field of biotechnology holds for plant growth in general. The importance of these developments for the forestry sector is considerable, particu larly since forestry science has not received the kinds of technical and R&D inputs that, say, agriculture has received in the past few decades. Y ct the problems of defor estation as well as stagnation in yields and productivity of existing forests throughout the world are becoming increasingly apparent, with consequences and ecological ef fects that cause growing worldwide concern. Policies for application of existing knowl edge in biotechnology to the field of forestry and priorities for future research and development are, therefore, of considerable value, because it is only through the adop tion of the right priorities and enlightened policies that scientific developments will move along the right direction, leading to improvements in forestry practices through out the world. It was against this backdrop that the Tata Energy Research Institute (TERI) or ganised a major international workshop on the "Applications of Biotechnology in For estry and Horticulture" at New Delhi in January 1988. The present volume covers the proceedings of this international workshop.





Breeding Plantation Tree Crops: Tropical Species

Author : Shri Mohan Jain

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 654 pages

File Size : 45,21 MB

Release : 2008-10-08

Category : Science

ISBN : 0387712011

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Book Description

Tree species are indispensable to support human life. Due to their long life cycle and environmental sensitivity, breeding trees to suit day-to-day human needs is a formidable challenge. Whether they are edible or industrial crops, improving yield under optimal, sub-optimal and marginal areas calls for uni?ed efforts from the s- entistsaroundtheworld. Whiletheuniquenessofcoconutaskalpavriksha(Sanskr- meaning tree-of-life) marks its presence in every continent from Far East to South America, tree crops like cocoa, oil palm, rubber, apple, peach, grapes and walnut prove their environmental sensitivity towards tropical, sub-tropical and temperate climates. Desert climate is quintessential for date palm. Thus, from soft drinks to breweries to beverages to oil to tyres, the value addition offers a spectrum of pr- ucts to human kind, enriched with nutritional, environmental, ?nancial, social and trade related attributes. Taxonomically, tree crops do not con?ne to a few families, but spread across a section of genera, an attribute so unique that contributes immensely to genetic biodiversity even while cultivated at the commercial scale. Many of these species in?uence other ?ora to nurture in their vicinity, thus ensuring their integrity in p- serving the genetic biodiversity. While wheat, rice, maize, barley, soybean, cassava andbananamakeup themajorfoodstaples,manyfruittreespeciescontributegreatly tonutritionalenrichment inhumandiet. Theediblepartofthesespeciesisthesource of several nutrients that makes additives for the daily diet of humans, for example, vitamins, sugars, aromas and ?avour compounds, and raw material for food proce- ing industries. Tree crops face an array of agronomic and horticultural problems in propagation, yield, appearance, quality, diseases and pest control, abiotic stresses and poor shelf-life.