The Eyewitness


Book Description

Over the last three decades, Tripura, the smallest of North East Indian states surrounded on three sides by Bangladesh, was caught in the vortex of highly patterned militant violence, deadly ethnic conflicts, and planned destruction of thousand year old harmonious and peaceful coexistence of tribal and non-tribal people of the state. Since the day the TNV took to arms, the surfeit of tribal insurgencies in Tripura is marked by brutal civilian massacres, abduction of innocent citizens, ambushes on security forces, large scale extortions and a ruthless ethnic cleansing perpetrated on unarmed non-tribals by the National Liberation Front of Tripura and the All Tripura Tiger Force-two banned underground organizations.The armed insurrections in Tripura at varied levels and colors - often abetted by narrow political interest - were marked not only by serious threat to human life and civilian security, but also by destruction of properties on a colossal scale. The blood spilling xenophobic tribal militancy sough homogenization of the land, and the subsequent fall out also caused wide ethnic fissures between the majority Bengalis and minority indigenous tribal people. One of the important features of the orgy of violent campaigns was that it had taken ominous proportions, with the forces inimical to India coming to play the key role to help and support the underground elements. The book 'The Eyewitness-Tales from Tripura's Ethnic Conflict', creates a matrix of hard facts and figures with personal experiences and stories of witnesses from a cross section of people-common men, police and security officials, administrators, militants, journalists, businessmen, victims of militancy, et al. The book records in cold letters, and with appropriate interpretations, the painful litany of grisly crimes in the name of insurgency and how and why these happened. ILLUSTRATIONS 16 b/w photographs




Tribe-Class Linkages


Book Description

This book is a historical study of the development of agrarian-class relations among the tribal population in Tripura. Tracing the evolution of Tripura and its agrarian relations from monarchy in the nineteenth century to democracy in the twentieth century, the book discusses the nature of the erstwhile princely state of Tripura, analyses the emergence of differentiation within tribes, and documents the emergence of the tribal movement in the state. It specifically focuses on the tribal movement led by the Ganamukti Parishad, beginning with the historic revolt of 1948-51 against state repression on the tribal people, followed by the mass movements in the 1950s and 1960s, which were founded on a recognition of class relations and the slogan of unity across the tribal and non-tribal (Bengali) peasantry. The first of its kind, the book will be indispensable for students and researchers of tribal studies, agrarian studies, exclusion studies, tribe-class relationships, minority studies, sociology, development studies, history, political science, northeast India studies, and South Asian studies. It will also be useful for activists and policymakers working in the area.




Insurgent Crossfire


Book Description

Since the British withdrew from the subcontinent, nations in the region have been at war with each other. But instead of fighting long-drawnout wars like that between Iran and Iraq, nations of South Asia have sponsored guerrilla armies and armed, trained and equipped them to harass, bleed or embarrass their rivals. The four wars in the region’s post-colonial era were also born out of sponsored guerrilla wars. In 1948 and 1965, Pakistan first tried to have its way in Kashmir by sponsoring irregulars on a large scale and then followed it up with unsuccessful military campaigns aimed at ensuring the state’s secession from India. In 1962, China attacked India not so much over a disputed border or India’s much publicized Forward Policy but essentially in response to what it felt was a joint Indo-US covert effort in Tibet. In 1971 India rounded off its successful sponsorship of the Bengali guerrilla struggle in erstwhile East Pakistan by a speedy military campaign that resulted in the break up of Pakistan. Insurgent Crossfire examines the origins of sponsored insurgencies and how they have shaped South Asia’s tense diplomatic environment. Having done that, it studies the major sponsored guerrilla campaigns in South Asia and then seeks a detailed case study of the phenomenon by focusing on the far eastern slice of the subcontinent. The author argues that this region, with its multitude of tribes and battling ethnicities, has been the most durable theatre of insurgent crossfire – in which nations like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and China (a major actor in South Asian politics) have backed insurgencies against each other.




An Insider's Experience of Insurgency in India's North-East


Book Description

Written with empathy and lucidity, Mukherjee’s book combines hard fact with sensitive insight in his approach to the region’s landscape, people and history. The author analyses problems intrinsic to this enigmatic area, offering viable solutions where possible.




Migration and Development Nexus in the Princely State Tripura (1900-1949)


Book Description

The development of a state cannot be confined only to its economic arena but the socio-political, as well as cultural fields of a state, were also needed to be developed and modernized. Among the various guiding forces behind the development process of a state, migration sometimes plays a vital role in it. During the last fifty years of Manikya rule, a large number of immigrants, especially Bengali immigrants, entered into the princely, hilly state of Tripura from colonial India. These immigrations though outnumbered the aborigines of this hilly state, but it stimulated the developmental process of this Princely State which was initiated by the Manikya rulers in the last quarter of the 19th century. This book is a humble attempt to find out the relations between migration and the material development of Tripura. Furthermore, how much migration is responsible for changing the total infrastructural change of the Princely State Tripura and what were the factors that worked behind the immigrations during the last fifty years of Manikya rule are highlighted from a historical perspective.




Tribal Insurgency in Tripura


Book Description




The Bengal Borderland


Book Description

'The Bengal Borderland' constitutes the epicentre of the partition of British India. Yet while the forging of international borders between India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Burma (the 'Bengal Borderland') has been a core theme in Partition studies, these crucial borderlands have, remarkably, been largely ignored by historians.




Kokborok Literature from Tripura


Book Description

This illuminating study delves into the cultural identity and traditions of the Borok tribe, an indigenous community in Tripura, India, through an in-depth examination of selected Kokborok folktales and contemporary poetry and fiction. The author sheds light on how these writers draw on their cultural myths, folklore, and everyday experiences to challenge mainstream literature’s stereotypes and reclaim their cultural heritage. By analysing these works, the book uncovers the Borok tribe’s historical context, which has been shaped by cultural domination and military struggles for identity preservation. Through a focus on themes of rootedness, cultural loss, and oral tradition, the author offers an insightful analysis of the tribe’s little-known narratives, bringing attention to the continuous suffering of its people amidst socio-economic and political problems. This work offers a significant contribution to understanding the cultural traditions and identity of the Borok tribe in Tripura.




The Northeast Question


Book Description

The Northeast of India is a place with many different groups of people, each with their own special way of life. It's beautiful, but also a place where people have faced hard times. Many folks there feel left out and not fully part of India. As someone who cares deeply about this area, I wanted to learn more and share what I found. This book is my humble attempt to amplify these voices, to bridge the chasm of misunderstanding that has long separated the Northeast from the rest of India. It's a labor of love, born from countless conversations with tribal elders, young activists, and everyday people who shared their hopes, fears, and dreams with a stranger who came to listen. Through these pages, I invite you to walk alongside the people of the Northeast, to feel the weight of their history, and to envision a future where their unique identities are celebrated as integral threads in the grand fabric of our nation. My decision to write this book stemmed from numerous conversations and interactions with individuals from the Northeast. Their stories—often filled with pain, resilience, and hope—prompted me to confront my own understanding of what it means to be part of a nation that frequently overlooks its most marginalized communities. The narratives of these individuals are a testament to the harsh realities they endure: from armed conflicts and insurgencies to the struggle for basic rights and recognition. The Northeast's conflicts are not merely regional issues; they reflect broader questions about national identity, unity, and the very nature of democracy in India.




Beyond Counter-insurgency


Book Description

In recent years there has been a significant reorientation in India's policy towards its Northeast region. Yet, Indian policy thinking has been insulated from the virtual intellectual revolution in the last one decade to study armed civil conflicts and ways to manage, resolve, and transform them. This volume lays emphasis on the term 'rethinking' and offers new ways of understanding the conflicts, and of ways to resolve them. The chapters discuss wide-ranging issues which include the multilayered nature of the conflict in the Northeast, and how democratic politics and the world of armed rebellions intersect in complex ways in this region. An analysis of the Naga war and its nation-building project is discussed. How the Northeast figures in postcolonial India's national imagination, how Assamese society engages with the term 'terrorist', and how state-society conflicts are muted in Mizoram have been argued. The role of ideas in conflict transformation, and an alternative vision of development in Mizoram have been argued. The role of ideas in conflict transformation, and an alternative vision of development in Arunachal Pradesh have also been discussed.