Biology of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases


Book Description

Biology of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases, Volume 48 in The Enzymes series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on A narrative about our work on the endless frontier of editing, The puzzling evolution of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, Structural basis of the tRNA recognition by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, Catalytic strategies of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, Trans-editing by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-like editing domains, Adaptive and maladaptive mistranslation arising from aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, Non-canonical inputs and outputs of tRNA aminoacylation, Structure and function of multi-tRNA synthetase complexes, Mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, Non-canonical functions of human cytoplasmic tyrosyl-, tryptophanyl- and other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and much more. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in The Enzymes series




Tempo and Mode in Evolution


Book Description

Since George Gaylord Simpson published Tempo and Mode in Evolution in 1944, discoveries in paleontology and genetics have abounded. This volume brings together the findings and insights of today's leading experts in the study of evolution, including Ayala, W. Ford Doolittle, and Stephen Jay Gould. The volume examines early cellular evolution, explores changes in the tempo of evolution between the Precambrian and Phanerozoic periods, and reconstructs the Cambrian evolutionary burst. Long-neglected despite Darwin's interest in it, species extinction is discussed in detail. Although the absence of data kept Simpson from exploring human evolution in his book, the current volume covers morphological and genetic changes in human populations, contradicting the popular claim that all modern humans descend from a single woman. This book discusses the role of molecular clocks, the results of evolution in 12 populations of Escherichia coli propagated for 10,000 generations, a physical map of Drosophila chromosomes, and evidence for "hitchhiking" by mutations.




Introduction to Genetic Analysis


Book Description

Provides an introduction to genetic analysis. This book covers contemporary genetics, and helps students understand the essentials of genetics, featuring various experiments, teaching them how to analyze data, and how to draw their own conclusions




Modified Nucleic Acids in Biology and Medicine


Book Description

This volume is comprised of 18 chapters, covering various aspects of DNA modification and RNA modified bases. It also discusses in detail circular RNA, therapeutic oligonucleotides and their different properties. The chemical nature of DNA, RNA, protein and lipids makes these macromolecules easily modifiable, but they are also susceptible to damage from both endogenous and exogenous agents. Alkylation and oxidation show a potential to disrupt the cellular redox equilibrium and cause cellular damage leading to inflammation and even chronic disease. Furthermore, DNA damage can drive mutagenesis and the resulting DNA sequence changes can induce carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Modified nucleosides can occur as a result of oxidative DNA damage and RNA turnover, and are used as markers for various diseases. To function properly some RNA needs to be chemically modified post-transcriptionally. Dysregulation of the RNA-modification pattern or of the levels of the enzymes that catalyze these modifications alters RNA functionality and can result in complex phenotypes, likely due to defects in protein translation. While modifications are best characterized in noncoding ribonucleic acids like tRNA and rRNA, coding mRNAs have also been found to contain modified nucleosides. This book is a valuable resource, not only for graduate students but also researchers in the fields of molecular medicine and molecular biology.




The Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases


Book Description

By virtue of their role as catalysts of the aminoacylation reaction, the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases ensure that the first step of translation is performed quickly and accurately. In this volume of 36 separate chapters, the many facets of this ancient and ubiquitous family are reviewed, including their surprising structural diversity, enzymology, tRNA interaction properties, and curious alternative functions. These chapters illustrate the degree to which the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases employ a variety of mechanisms to carry out both the standard functions related to the synthesis of aminoacylated tRNA for protein synthesis, as well as the surprising functions associated with amino acid biosynthesis, cytokine function, and even the processivity of DNA replication. Other chapters explore the regulation of their synthesis, their role in disease, and their prospects as targets for antibacterial therapeutics. This monograph will be a valuable resource for all scientists interested in the fundamentals of protein synthesis from both a basic research and clinical perspective, as well as the relation of translational components to the evolution of the genetic code.




Transfer RNA in Protein Synthesis


Book Description

Transfer RNA in Protein Synthesis is a comprehensive volume focusing on important aspects of codon usage, selection, and discrimination in the genetic code. The many different functions of tRNA and the specialized roles of the corresponding codewords in protein synthesis from initiation through termination are thoroughly discussed. Variations that occur in the initiation process, in reading the genetic code, and in the selection of codons are discussed in detail. The book also examines the role of modified nucleosides in tRNA interactions, tRNA discrimination in aminoacylation, codon discrimination in translation, and selective use of termination codons. Other topics covered include the adaptation of the tRNA population to codon usage in cells and cellular organelles, the occurence of UGA as a codon for selenocysteine in the universal genetic code, new insights into translational context effects and in codon bias, and the molecular biology of tRNA in retroviruses. The contributions of outstanding molecular biologists engaged in tRNA research and prominent investigators from other scientific disciplines, specifically retroviral research, make Transfer RNA in Protein Synthesis an essential reference work for microbiologists, biochemists, molecular biologists, geneticists, and other researchers involved in protein synthesis research.




Molecular Cell Biology


Book Description

The sixth edition provides an authoritative and comprehensive vision of molecular biology today. It presents developments in cell birth, lineage and death, expanded coverage of signaling systems and of metabolism and movement of lipids.




Genetics


Book Description

Third edition of Genetics: A conceptual Appoach includes thorough streamlining of the entire text to focus on core concepts.




Life


Book Description

New edition of a text presenting underlying concepts and showing their relevance to medical, agricultural, and environmental issues. Seven chapters discuss the cell, information and heredity, evolutionary process, the evolution of diversity, the biology of flowering plants and of animals, and ecology and biogeography. Topics are linked by themes such as evolution, the experimental foundations of knowledge, the flow of energy in the living world, the application and influence of molecular techniques, and human health considerations. Includes a CD-ROM which covers some of the subject matter and introduces and illustrates 1,700-plus key terms and concepts. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR




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