Turbulence in the Atmosphere


Book Description

Based on his over forty years of research and teaching, John C. Wyngaard's textbook is an excellent up-to-date introduction to turbulence in the atmosphere and in engineering flows for advanced students, and a reference work for researchers in the atmospheric sciences. Part I introduces the concepts and equations of turbulence. It includes a rigorous introduction to the principal types of numerical modeling of turbulent flows. Part II describes turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer. Part III covers the foundations of the statistical representation of turbulence and includes illustrative examples of stochastic problems that can be solved analytically. The book treats atmospheric and engineering turbulence in a unified way, gives clear explanation of the fundamental concepts of modeling turbulence, and has an up-to-date treatment of turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer. Student exercises are included at the ends of chapters, and worked solutions are available online for use by course instructors.




Turbulence in the Free Atmosphere


Book Description

Turbulence-the randomly disordered movement of volumes of air of widely varying size-is one of the characteristic features of atmospheric air flows; its investigation is essential for the solution of several theoretical and practical problems. Until recently, owing to experimental difficulties, research on turbu lence was confmed mainly to the lower half of the troposphere. Theoretical investigations have consequently been based on these data. The rapid development of high-altitude aviation and cases of aircraft encoun tering hazardous turbulence led to a sharp intensification of research on turbu lence in the atmosphere up to 10-12 km, and subsequently at greater altitudes. Such research was confined initially to the characterization of the frequency of occurrence of gusts of different speeds, their relation to altitude, geographical conditions, time of day and year, and so on. At the end of the fifties, when the required measuring equipment and experimental techniques had been developed, it became possible to investigate the complete statistical characteristics of turbu lence: the spectral densities of the velocity fluctuations of air flows, structure functions, etc. These data stimulated the further development of theory related to the specific conditions of the free atmosphere.




Practical Meteorology


Book Description

A quantitative introduction to atmospheric science for students and professionals who want to understand and apply basic meteorological concepts but who are not ready for calculus.




Some Spectra of Turbulence in the Free Atmosphere


Book Description

The average rate at which the radar signal crosses a voltage level is linearly dependent on the root mean square of the turbulent wind component in the direction of the beam (1, 2), and therefore constitutes an anemometer with these characteristics. All tracers within the illuminated volume contribute to the signal. This anemometer therefore senses an average over the space they occupy which is at most equivalent to a cylinder standing half a pulse length high and straddling a diameter equal to the product of the range and beamwidth.




An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology


Book Description

Part of the excitement in boundary-layer meteorology is the challenge associated with turbulent flow - one of the unsolved problems in classical physics. An additional attraction of the filed is the rich diversity of topics and research methods that are collected under the umbrella-term of boundary-layer meteorology. The flavor of the challenges and the excitement associated with the study of the atmospheric boundary layer are captured in this textbook. Fundamental concepts and mathematics are presented prior to their use, physical interpretations of the terms in equations are given, sample data are shown, examples are solved, and exercises are included. The work should also be considered as a major reference and as a review of the literature, since it includes tables of parameterizatlons, procedures, filed experiments, useful constants, and graphs of various phenomena under a variety of conditions. It is assumed that the work will be used at the beginning graduate level for students with an undergraduate background in meteorology, but the author envisions, and has catered for, a heterogeneity in the background and experience of his readers.







Atmospheric Turbulence


Book Description




Astronomical Optics


Book Description

Written by a recognized expert in the field, this clearly presented, well-illustrated book provides both advanced level students and professionals with an authoritative, thorough presentation of the characteristics, including advantages and limitations, of telescopes and spectrographic instruments used by astronomers of today. - Written by a recognized expert in the field - Provides both advanced level students and professionals with an authoritative, thorough presentation of the characteristics, including advantages and limitations, of telescopes and spectrographic instruments used by astronomers of today




Coherent Doppler Wind Lidars in a Turbulent Atmosphere


Book Description

Radiophysical tools for measuring atmospheric dynamics include sodars, Doppler radars, and Doppler lidars. Among these, coherent Doppler lidars (CDLs) have been considered the best for remote measurement of wind turbulence. This is important not only for understanding the exchange processes in the boundary layer, but also in the applied aspect, such as aviation safety. CDLs significantly extend possibilities of experimental investigation of not only wind turbulence, but also coherent structures such as aircraft wake vortices. The authors of this book conducted field tests of the developed methods of lidar measurements of the wind velocity, atmospheric turbulence parameters, and aircraft wake vortices. This valuable resource, containing over 500 equations based on original results from the authors’ work, gives professionals a comprehensive description of the operating principles of continuous wave and pulsed coherent Doppler lidars. This book studies the possibilities of obtaining information about wind turbulence from data measured by continuous wave and pulsed CDLs. The procedures for estimation are described, as well as algorithms for numerical simulation. Results on the vortex behavior and evolution are then presented.




Optical Turbulence


Book Description

This book collects most of the talks and poster presentations presented at the Optical Turbulence OCo Astronomy meets Meteorology international conference held on 15OCo18 September, 2008 at Nymphes Bay, Alghero, Sardinia, Italy. The meeting aimed to deal with one of the major causes of wavefront perturbations limiting the astronomical high-angular-resolution observations from the ground. The uniqueness of this meeting has been the effort to attack this topic in a synergic and multidisciplinary approach promoting constructive discussions between the actors of this science OCo the astronomers, meteorologists, physicists of the atmosphere and the experts in adaptive optics and interferometry techniques whose main goal is to correct, in real-time, the wavefront perturbations induced by atmospheric turbulence to restore at the telescope foci the best available image quality. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: Optical Turbulence in High Angular Resolution Techniques in Astronomy (494 KB). Contents: Optical Turbulence in High Angular Resolution Techniques in Astronomy (J M Beckers); Optical Turbulence Profiles at CTIO from a 12-Element Lunar Scintillometer (P Hickson et al.); High Resolution SLODAR Measurements on Mauna Kea (T Butterley et al.); How We Can Understand the Antarctic Atmospheric? (J W V Storey et al.); The Paranal Surface Layar (J Melnick et al.); Introduction to Data Assimilation in Meteorology (P Brousseau OC L Auger); The Mauna Kea Weather Center: A Case for Custom Seeing Forecasts (T Cherubini et al.); Dealing with Turbulence: MCAO Experience and Beyond (R Ragazzoni et al.); Future-Look Science Operations for the LBT (R F Green); Surface Layer SLODAR (J Osborn et al.); and other papers. Readership: Advanced undergraduates and graduate students, and physicists working in the field of astronomy.