Book Description

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgment -- Authors -- 11. Disinfection -- 11.1 Chapter Objectives -- 11.2 Objectives and Requirements of Disinfection -- 11.2.1 Pathogens and Indicator Organisms -- 11.2.2 Microbial Reduction in Wastewater Treatment Processes -- 11.2.3 Regulatory Process and Requirements -- 11.3 Disinfection Techniques -- 11.3.1 Chemical Disinfection Processes -- 11.3.2 Physical Disinfection Processes -- 11.3.3 Suitability of Disinfection Processes -- 11.3.4 Chlorine and Ozone Doses for Required Disinfection -- 11.3.5 Disinfection By-products -- 11.4 Inactivation Mechanisms -- 11.5 Inactivation Kinetics -- 11.5.1 Natural Die-Off Kinetics -- 11.5.2 Inactivation Kinetics for Chemical Disinfection Processes -- 11.6 Chlorination -- 11.6.1 Physical Properties of Chlorine and Hypochlorite -- 11.6.2 Basic Chlorine Chemistry -- 11.6.3 Components of Chlorination System -- 11.6.4 Other Beneficial Applications of Chlorine -- 11.6.5 Disinfection with Chlorine Dioxide -- 11.7 Dechlorination -- 11.7.1 Dechlorination with Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) -- 11.7.2 Dechlorination with Sodium Bisulfite (NaHSO3) -- 11.7.3 Dechlorination with Other Reducing Agents -- 11.7.4 Dechlorination with Activated Carbon -- 11.7.5 Dechlorination of Chlorine Dioxide -- 11.8 Disinfection with Ozone -- 11.8.1 Ozone Chemistry -- 11.8.2 Properties of Ozone -- 11.8.3 Ozone Dosage for Disinfection -- 11.8.4 Ozone Generation -- 11.8.5 Ozone Application -- 11.8.6 Kinetic Equations for Ozone Disinfection -- 11.9 Disinfection with UV Radiation -- 11.9.1 Mechanism of UV Disinfection -- 11.9.2 Source of UV Radiation -- 11.9.3 Types of UV Reactors and Lamp Arrangements -- 11.9.4 Microbial Repair after UV Disinfection -- 11.9.5 Inactivation Kinetics for UV Irradiation -- 11.9.6 UV Transmittance, Density, Intensity, and Dose