The Effects of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Analogues on UVB-irradiated Human Keratinocytes


Book Description

This is a Ph.D. dissertation. The skin serves as a protective interface between the body and the noxious environment. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is one of the most important sources of environmental stress, inducing photochemical changes in the skin that may lead to sunburn, premature skin aging and skin cancer. The skin and UV also play a leading part in the vitamin D endocrine system. When UVB photons strike the epidermis, their energy can be used for the synthesis of vitamin D3. Furthermore, the skin is one of the direct target issues for vitamin D3 action. The close interplay between UV and vitamin D3 production in the skin evokes the possibility of mutual interactions. Contents: Introduction, Aims and Scopes of the Study, Materials and Methods, 1,25D3 Inhibits UVB-Induced Apoptosis and IL-6 Production in Human Keratinocytes, 1,25D3 Protects Human Keratinocytes Against UVB-Induced Damage, Two 14-EPI Analogues of 1,25D3 Protect Human Keratinocytes Against Different UVB Effects, Molecular Pathways Involved in the Anti-Apoptotic Effect of 1,25D3 in Human Keratinocytes, General Discussion and Perspectives.







Modulation of Androgen Receptor Activity by P160 Coactivators and a Study of Environmental Contaminants


Book Description

The development, growth and survival of eukaryotic organisms require the proper regulation of tens of thousands of genes. Therefore, a correct temporal and spatial expression of genes is crucial. These expression patterns are controlled by a wide variety of mechanisms, but a major level of gene expression occurs at the transcription initiation process. In this part, the basic mechanisms of eukaryotic gene transcription will be discussed. Contents include: 1) General Introduction, 2) Characterization of the two coactivator interacting surfaces of the androgen receptor and their relative role in transcriptional control, 3) Screening for environmental (anti)androgenic activity, 4) Detection of endocrine disrupting activities in pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls, and 5) General Discussion / Future Perspectives.




Regulation of the Antibody Response to Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharides


Book Description

This is a Ph.D. dissertation. S. pneumoniae is a major causative agent of serious infections. Besides, the emerging resistance of S. pneumoniae to multiple antibiotic drugs is a major concern in the treatment of infections caused by this micro-organism. Therefore it is important to study the molecular mechanisms that meditate the antibody response to caps-PS. The aim of the study is to better understand the regulation and the molecular mechanisms of the immune response to pneumococcal caps-PS. The present study was undertaken to determine the role of the CD40-CD40L interaction in the murine antibody response to pneumococcal caps-PS antigens.
















Structural and Functional Repercussions of Loss of Function and Clinical Mutants of Presenilin


Book Description

Alzheimer's disease is a major health problem. The disease is clinically characterized by the progressive mental decline of the patients and pathologically by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and tangles and neurodegenerative changes in the brain. The cause of the disease remains unclear but in some cases, genetic (missense) mutations in the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and in the Presenilin genes (PS1 & PS2) are sufficient to initiate the whole disease cascade. All these mutations cause in essence an increase in the generation or a change of the characteristics of the AB peptide making it more prone to produce amyloid plaques. The AB peptide is generated from the APP protein and the question how Presenilin influences APP processing and AB production is the main topic of our work.