Passive Restraints


Book Description







OCCUPANT RESTRAINT SYSTEM EVALUATION - PASSENGER CARS


Book Description

This information report encompasses the significant factors which determine the effectiveness of the total occupant restraint system in all commonly encountered collision configurations. The total system includes all components which affect occupant injury by influencing the manner in which the collision energy exchange is performed. In addition to the elements that contribute to impact attenuation, consideration must be given to factors that encourage maximum use, such as comfort, reliability, appearance, and convenience. Hence, system evaluation necessarily involves consideration of the complete vehicle.




Crashworthiness of Transportation Systems: Structural Impact and Occupant Protection


Book Description

A systematic treatment of current crashworthiness practice in the automotive, railroad and aircraft industries. Structural, exterior and interior design, occupant biomechanics, seat and restraint systems are dealt with, taking account of statistical data, current regulations and state-of-the-art design tool capabilities. Occupant kinematics and biomechanics are reviewed, leading to a basic understanding of human tolerance to impact and of the use of anthropometric test dummies and mathematical modelling techniques. Different types of restraining systems are described in terms of impact biomechanics. The material and structural behaviour of vehicle components is discussed in relation to crash testing. A variety of commonly used techniques for simulating occupants and structures are presented, in particular the use of multibody dynamics, finite element methods and simplified macro-elements, in the context of design tools of increasing complexity, which can be used to model both vehicles and occupants. Audience: An excellent reference for researchers, engineers, students and all other professionals involved in crashworthiness work.




Occupant Protection and Automobile Safety in the U.S. since 1900


Book Description

This book provides a historical review of safety features appearing on passenger cars that have been produced for sale in the U.S. from 1900 to the present. A main theme throughout is the impact the automobile has made on society, with particular emphasis on accidents and loss of life. Another theme is the technological advances that have contributed to safer driving. Even though the author details the technical details of the major safety-related components of automobiles, the book is written for anyone with an interest in the workings of motor vehicles. Topics include: events driving the implementation of specific safety features government involvement and legislative actions effects of mandated and non-mandated implementation effects of safety technologies on annual passenger deaths technical details of specific innovations development of crash protection testing standards Each of the five chapters covers a different period in the evolution of passenger cars. They include detailed descriptions of technologies and advancements that have directly contributed to the production, operation, and crash-survivability improvements made to automobiles. Also included are commentaries relating to influences of political and industry-driven initiatives, consumer reactions, and apparent effects of these influences on annual fatality rates.