Weather and Climate Extremes


Book Description

Are extreme weather events becoming more common? How do extreme weather events impact society? These are critical questions that must be examined as we confront the possibility that the world will experience a change in climate over the next century. Much of the research in climatology over the past decade has focused on potential changes in long- term averages of temperature, precipitation and other factors. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that changes in average values will be accompanied by changes in extreme events. Furthermore, extreme weather events will impact society to a greater extent as people around the world continue to locate in more hazard-prone areas such as coastal zones. This book represents a major step forwards in developing a comprehensive set of information about changes in extreme events by providing a review of the problems in data availability, quality and analysis that make deriving a clear picture of world-wide changes in extreme events so difficult. Audience: The book is intended for policy-makers, professionals, graduate students and others interested in learning how extreme weather events have changed, and how they impact society both now and in the future.




Attribution of Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change


Book Description

As climate has warmed over recent years, a new pattern of more frequent and more intense weather events has unfolded across the globe. Climate models simulate such changes in extreme events, and some of the reasons for the changes are well understood. Warming increases the likelihood of extremely hot days and nights, favors increased atmospheric moisture that may result in more frequent heavy rainfall and snowfall, and leads to evaporation that can exacerbate droughts. Even with evidence of these broad trends, scientists cautioned in the past that individual weather events couldn't be attributed to climate change. Now, with advances in understanding the climate science behind extreme events and the science of extreme event attribution, such blanket statements may not be accurate. The relatively young science of extreme event attribution seeks to tease out the influence of human-cause climate change from other factors, such as natural sources of variability like El Niño, as contributors to individual extreme events. Event attribution can answer questions about how much climate change influenced the probability or intensity of a specific type of weather event. As event attribution capabilities improve, they could help inform choices about assessing and managing risk, and in guiding climate adaptation strategies. This report examines the current state of science of extreme weather attribution, and identifies ways to move the science forward to improve attribution capabilities.




Weather and Climate of China


Book Description




Weather and Climate of China


Book Description




Climate of China


Book Description

Presents a complete treatment regarding the general circulation over China, formation of its climate, climatic variations and delineation of climate regions. Temperature, precipitation, wind and cloud cover are detailed along with such weather phenomena as thunderstorms, fog and hailstorms, especially with respect to their spatial and temporal distributions. Special attention is paid throughout to the geographic factors controlling the climate--latitude, elevation, land, sea, topography, slope orientation, etc. Contains 100 climatological charts based on 20 years of data from over 700 stations.







The Crisis of the 14th Century


Book Description

Pre-modern critical interactions of nature and society can best be studied during the so-called "Crisis of the 14th Century". While historiography has long ignored the environmental framing of historcial processes and scientists have over-emphasized nature's impact on the course of human history, this volume tries to describe the at times complex modes of the late-medieval relationship of man and nature. The idea of 'teleconnection', borrowed from the geosciences, describes the influence of atmospheric circulation patterns often over long distances. It seems that there were 'teleconnections' in society, too. So this volumes aims to examine man-environment interactions mainly in the 14th century from all over Europe and beyond. It integrates contributions from different disciplines on impact, perception and reaction of environmental change and natural extreme events on late Medieval societies. For humanists from all historical disciplines it offers an approach how to integrate written and even scientific evidence on environmental change in established and new fields of historical research. For scientists it demonstrates the contributions scholars from the humanities can provide for discussion on past environmental changes.




Ambient Temperature and Health in China


Book Description

This book focuses on the Chinese health impact induced by ambient temperature variation, especially the epidemiology-based exposure-response relationship with the mortality and morbidity from respiratory, cardiovascular diseases, and mental health among Chinese population.A great number of epidemiological studies have reported that ambient temperature is closely associated with a wide range of health outcomes, such as mortality, cardiovascular and respiratory events, adverse birth outcome, and some infectious diseases, such as dengue fever, malaria. Although a number of epidemiological studies in western countries have evaluated the adverse health effects of ambient temperature, the exposure-response relationship from these countries cannot simply be applied to the Chinese population due to the large differences in temperature profile, exposure pattern, as well as the population vulnerability. This book will provide up-to-date estimates of the magnitude of adverse health effects of ambient temperature in the Chinese population. We hope to provide readers with a comprehensive and organized body of information in the area of Ambient Temperature and health.




Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China


Book Description

This volume describes one of the most extensive grassland ecosystems and the efforts of Chinese scientists to understand it. Leading Chinese scientists attribute the decline in China's grasslands to overgrazing and excessive cultivation of marginal areas and discuss measures to limit the damage. The book gives its view on the Chinese approach to the study of grasslands and the relevance of this activity in China to global scientific concerns.




Abrupt Climatic Change


Book Description

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, St. Hugues de Biviers, France, October 16-22, 1985