Author : Paul J. Lamperti
Publisher :
Page : 144 pages
File Size : 17,70 MB
Release : 1988
Category : Calibration
ISBN :
Describes the calibration and irradiation of x-ray and gamma-ray instruments in terms of the physical quantity exposure at NBS. The calibrations are listed in NBS Special Publication 250 as calibrations 46010C through 46050S (formerly 8.3A through 8.3M).--cf. Abstract (p.iv).
Author : Harold Orville Wyckoff
Publisher :
Page : 26 pages
File Size : 12,13 MB
Release : 1957
Category : Ionization chambers
ISBN :
Author : Ian R. McClelland
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 45,48 MB
Release : 2004
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9241591633
The X-ray equipment maintenance and repairs workbook is intended to help and guide staff working with, and responsible for, radiographic equipment and installations in remote institutions where the necessary technical support is not available, to perform routine maintenance and minor repairs of equipment to avoid break downs. The book can be used for self study and as a checklist for routine maintenance procedures.
Author : Frank H. Day
Publisher :
Page : 16 pages
File Size : 33,97 MB
Release : 1951
Category : Ionization chambers
ISBN :
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 20,53 MB
Release : 2016-01-10
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0309371333
Passenger screening at commercial airports in the United States has gone through significant changes since the events of September 11, 2001. In response to increased concern over terrorist attacks on aircrafts, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has deployed security systems of advanced imaging technology (AIT) to screen passengers at airports. To date (December 2014), TSA has deployed AITs in U.S. airports of two different technologies that use different types of radiation to detect threats: millimeter wave and X-ray backscatter AIT systems. X-ray backscatter AITs were deployed in U.S. airports in 2008 and subsequently removed from all airports by June 2013 due to privacy concerns. TSA is looking to deploy a second-generation X-ray backscatter AIT equipped with privacy software to eliminate production of an image of the person being screened in order to alleviate these concerns. This report reviews previous studies as well as current processes used by the Department of Homeland Security and equipment manufacturers to estimate radiation exposures resulting from backscatter X-ray advanced imaging technology system use in screening air travelers. Airport Passenger Screening Using Backscatter X-Ray Machines examines whether exposures comply with applicable health and safety standards for public and occupational exposures to ionizing radiation and whether system design, operating procedures, and maintenance procedures are appropriate to prevent over exposures of travelers and operators to ionizing radiation. This study aims to address concerns about exposure to radiation from X-ray backscatter AITs raised by Congress, individuals within the scientific community, and others.
Author : Simone Carmignato
Publisher : Springer
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 43,91 MB
Release : 2017-10-18
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3319595733
X-ray computed tomography has been used for several decades as a tool for measuring the three-dimensional geometry of the internal organs in medicine. However, in recent years, we have seen a move in manufacturing industries for the use of X-ray computed tomography; first to give qualitative information about the internal geometry and defects in a component, and more recently, as a fully-quantitative technique for dimensional and materials analysis. This trend is primarily due to the ability of X-ray computed tomography to give a high-density and multi-scale representation of both the external and internal geometry of a component, in a non-destructive, non-contact and relatively fast way. But, due to the complexity of X-ray computed tomography, there are remaining metrological issues to solve and the specification standards are still under development. This book will act as a one-stop-shop resource for students and users of X-ray computed tomography in both academia and industry. It presents the fundamental principles of the technique, detailed descriptions of the various components (hardware and software), current developments in calibration and performance verification and a wealth of example applications. The book will also highlight where there is still work to do, in the perspective that X-ray computed tomography will be an essential part of Industry 4.0.
Author : Arlyn Unzicker
Publisher :
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 14,17 MB
Release : 1974
Category : Ionization chambers
ISBN :
Measurements of the steady-state of the ion-chamber current output to the incident energy flux of a monochromatic X-ray beam are reported for the 1/2-3 Å and 1-8 Å ion chambers for the NOAA Space Environment Monitoring System. Bragg crystal reflection was employed to obtain a monochromatic beam. Proportional counters were used to measure the absolute intensity of the monochromatic X-ray beam. An ultra-sensitive electrometer was used to measure the current output of the ion chamber, including currents as small as 10−15 amps with noise levels as low as about 10−16 amps. The calibration results are compared with the theoretical transfer function. The effects of anode structures on reducing the effective total area of the ion chambers were observed as a function of wavelength. The influence of small regions of epoxy overlying the window was examined.
Author : Keith Arnaud
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 207 pages
File Size : 41,37 MB
Release : 2011-09-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 1139502565
Modern x-ray data, available through online archives, are important for many astronomical topics. However, using these data requires specialized techniques and software. Written for graduate students, professional astronomers and researchers who want to start working in this field, this book is a practical guide to x-ray astronomy. The handbook begins with x-ray optics, basic detector physics and CCDs, before focussing on data analysis. It introduces the reduction and calibration of x-ray data, scientific analysis, archives, statistical issues and the particular problems of highly extended sources. The book describes the main hardware used in x-ray astronomy, emphasizing the implications for data analysis. The concepts behind common x-ray astronomy data analysis software are explained. The appendices present reference material often required during data analysis.
Author : Jacob Beutel
Publisher : SPIE Press
Page : 542 pages
File Size : 48,1 MB
Release : 2000
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780819436214
This volume describes concurrent engineering developments that affect or are expected to influence future development of digital diagnostic imaging. It also covers current developments in Picture Archiving and Communications System (PACS) technology, with particular emphasis on integration of emerging imaging technologies into the hospital environment.
Author : John S. Pruitt
Publisher :
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 10,16 MB
Release : 1962
Category : Ionization chambers
ISBN :
This report describes the use of an air-filled aluminum-alloy ionization chamber to determine the energy transported by a bremsstrahlung beam with maximum photon energy in the range 6 to 170 Mev. The experimental calibrations of this chamber over this energy range are given, as well as the results of calibration experiments made with a 250-kv constant-potential X-ray tube and with Cs137 and Co60 gamma-rays. Information is presented about the change in calibration when the chamber is used with different experimental conditions, and when either its dimensions or its alloy composition are changed slightly. This report can be used to construct a replica chamber and to determine its absolute calibration between 6 and 170 Mev under a variety of experimental conditions.
