Book Description

Since the first laparoscopic appendectomy in September 1980, laparoscopy had been adapted to other type of surgery including gynaecology. Gynaecological laparoscopy was firstly introduced by European physicians Raoul Palmer and Has Frangenheim. It initially was used for both diagnostic and therapy purposes like tubal ligation.1 Along with the further development of operation technique, laparoscopy has been used in more complicated gynaecological surgery due to its offered advantages such as smaller wound, faster recovery time, better outcomes and accuracy. The human body's anatomy has not altered. However, advances in surgical techniques and the handling of complications are required due to technological advancements in operating materials and processes. Laparoscopy differs fundamentally from other operating techniques in that the initial entry is typically carried out while the patient is blind. Blind entrance can harm organs or vessels, especially in people who have had surgery in the past. One of the challenges with the entry is the potential for damage to go undetected for some time, requiring significant abdominal surgery. The development of surgical tools and methods has also made it possible for the surgeon to use the laparoscopic approach for even significant surgeries. This has a good correlation with new learning curves. 1,2 With its well-established advantages of minimizing blood loss, reducing post-operative pain, and shortening hospital stays, laparoscopic surgery has transformed patient care. Some of its unique characteristics in compared to open surgery include the use of a pneumoperitoneum, a minimally invasive entry into the belly, and the insertion of straight stick tools through tiny ports. These traits do, however, come with a special set of risks, such as haemodynamic instability, visceral injury, blood vessel damage, and problems related to poor ergonomics. However, the risk of complication such as wound infection, vomit, nausea, abdominal infection and septicaemia can’t be eliminated. Laparoscopic surgeries frequently involve the use of electrosurgery. The lengthier instruments are inserted through a trocar, which may be composed of plastic, metal,