A Combined Solvent-extraction Liquid-scintillation Method for Alpha Counting and Spectrometry
Author :
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 43,24 MB
Release : 1979
Category : Alpha ray spectrometry
ISBN :
Liquid Scintillation Alpha Spectrometry
Author : W. McDowell
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 31,55 MB
Release : 2018-01-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 1351082582
Book Description
Alpha liquid scintillation was developed to obtain accurate analytical determinations of alpha-emitting nuclides where no other methods were sufficiently accurate. With the present emphasis on clean-up of radiation contamination, alpha liquid scintillation has become an important tool in the determination of low concentrations of alpha-emitting nuclides. This book is the first to address the subject of alpha liquid scintillation in its entirety. It also examines how alpha spectrometry by liquid scintillation can be done without interference from beta/gamma radiation. Scientists interested in the analysis of alpha-emitting nuclides for environmental monitoring, remediation clean-up, accountability, and research will find this to be a valuable book.
Combined Solvent Extraction-liquid Scintillation Methods for Radioassay of Alpha Emitters
Author :
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 20,9 MB
Release : 1974
Category :
ISBN :
Book Description
Alpha emitting nuclides frequently can be separated from one another and from interfering ions by solvent extraction procedures. If the last step of such a scheme automatically incorporates the nuclide of interest in a liquid scintillator (containing an extractant), a simple procedure for radioassay of the nuclide results. It is shovwn that correct choices of scintillators and detector systems produce further advantages. Quenching is minimized and held constant, so that the pulse height obtained from a given alpha energy is reproducible, and the energy resolution is improved over that obtainable with conventional liquid scintillation methods, so that alpha peak widths are decreased from around 1 MeV to 0.2 to 0.3 MeV at half maximum. Compatibility of several extractants with scintillator solutions is described. Procedures are described for separation and analysis of several nuclides (e.g., plutonium, uranium, and tnivalent actinides), including a specific application to the assay of plutonium in enviromnental samples. (auth).
Liquid Scintillation
Author : A. A. Noujaim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 367 pages
File Size : 13,69 MB
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 1483218988
Book Description
Liquid Scintillation: Science and Technology contains the proceedings of the International Conference on Liquid Scintillation: Science and Technology held on June 14-17, 1976 at the Banff Centre in Alberta, Canada. The book presents papers on the mechanisms of the liquid scintillation process; liquid scintillation alpha counting and spectrometry and its application to bone and tissue samples; and measurement by liquid scintillator of labelled compounds (3H or 14C) dropped onto supports. The text also includes papers on the heterogeneous counting on filter support media; liquid scintillation in medical diagnosis; and the theory and application of Cerenkov counting. The radioassay of chlorine using a liquid scintillation spectrometer; some factors influencing external standardization; and the study of the sizes and distributions of colloidal water in water-emulsifier-toluene systems are also considered. The book further tackles the external standard method of quench correction; the liquid scintillation counting of novel radionuclides; and Cerenkov counting and liquid scintillation counting for the determination of fluorine. The text also looks into the absolute disintegration rate determination of beta-emitting radionuclides by the pulse height shift-extrapolation method; automatic data processing in scintillation counting; and the standardization in liquid scintillation counting. Biochemists and scientists involved in the study of chemical biodynamics will find the book invaluable.
Alpha Counting and Spectrometry Using Liquid Scintillation Methods
Author : W. J. McDowell
Publisher :
Page : 108 pages
File Size : 20,13 MB
Release : 199?
Category :
ISBN :
Book Description
Liquid Scintillation Counting and Organic Scintillators
Author : Harley Ross
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 752 pages
File Size : 14,75 MB
Release : 1991-04-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780873712460
Book Description
Proceedings of the 1989 international conference, this book is excellent coverage of new trends and established methods in the field of liquid scintillation counting and organic scintillators. Any scientist working with scintillators will find this book valuable.
Advances in the Sample Preparation and the Detector for a Combined Solvent Extraction-liquid Scintillation Method of Low-level Plutonium Measurement
Author :
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 41,41 MB
Release : 1976
Category :
ISBN :
Book Description
A combined solvent extraction-liquid scintillation technique, developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), has many possible applications to the determination of low levels of plutonium and other alpha-emitting nuclides. Using these procedures, plutonium can be extracted from biological or environmental samples and introduced directly into a liquid scintillator. Quenching of the scintillator is thus minimized so that spectroscopic techniques may be employed. Existing chemical procedures and counting equipment were reviewed and improved. Purification of the di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (used as the actinide extractant) was found necessary. Destruction of organic material in the sample and control of the valence state of plutonium were found to be major sources of irreproducibility. Methods were developed to allow samples separated with commonly used ion exchange techniques to be extracted into the scintillator. Comparisons were made of a wide variety of the components and parameters of the detector system to find the best combination of pulse-height resolution and pulse-shape discrimination. When a single phototube was used, optimum performance was obtained using a hemispherical reflector-sample holder viewed sideways by an RCA 8575 photomultiplier tube used in conjunction with a special integrating preamplifier and a good quality linear amplifier that used delay lines to shape the pulses.
Some Applications of Photon/Electron-Rejecting Alpha Liquid Scintillation (PERALS) Spectrometry to the Assay of Alpha Emitters
Author :
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 43,21 MB
Release : 1988
Category :
ISBN :
Book Description
The combination of certain solvent extraction separations and a special kind of liquid scintillation detector and electronics designed for alpha spectrometry allows some highly accurate, yet simple determinations of alpha-emitting nuclides. Counting efficiency is 99.68% with backgrounds of 0.02 cpm. Energy resolution and peak position are sufficient for the identification of many nuclides. Rejection of interference from .beta. and .gamma. radiation is99.95%. The Photon/Electron Rejecting Alpha Liquid Scintillation (PERALS) equipment is described and procedures for the separation and determination of uranium, thorium, plutonium, polonium, radium, and trivalent actinides are outlined. 25 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.
Alpha Liquid Scintillation Counting
Author :
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 26,91 MB
Release : 1979
Category :
ISBN :
Book Description
Beta liquid scintillation counting has been used for about 30 years, and its effectiveness for alpha particles has been known for almost that long; however, the technique has not been widely applied to alpha particle detection because of poor energy resolution, high background, and variable interference from beta and gamma radiation. Beginning with the work of Horrocks in the early 1960s, improvements in energy resolution and background rejection have been made. Further developments at Oak Ridge National Laboratory over the past 10 to 12 years have resulted in improved methods of sample preparation (using liquid-liquid extraction methods to isolate the sample and introduce it into the scintillator) and better instrumentation, including electronic rejection of beta and gamma pulses. Energy resolutions of 200- to 300-keV FWHM and background counts of 0.01 cpm are now routine. Alpha liquid scintillation spectrometry is now suitable for a wide range of applications, from the accurate quantitative determination of relatively large amounts of known nuclides in laboratory-generated samples to the detection and identification of very small, subpicocurie amounts of alpha emitters in environmental-type samples. Suitable nuclide separation procedures, sample preparation methods, and instrument configurations are outlined for a variety of analyses.
Alpha Counting and Spectrometry Using Liquid Scintillation Methods
Author :
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 33,24 MB
Release : 1986
Category :
ISBN :
Book Description
The material in this report is intended to be a practical introduction and guide to the use of liquid scintillation for alpha counting and spectrometry. Other works devoted to the development of the theory of liquid scintillation exist and a minimum of such material is repeated here. Much remains to be learned and many improvements remain to be made in the use of liquid scintillation for alpha counting and spectrometry. It is hoped that this modest work will encourage others to continue development in the field.
