Invisibly Visible


Book Description

African-American women leading school districts as public school superintendents of schools is rare. It is even more infrequent for multiple African-American women to serve in the position of superintendent of schools in the same state. This historical qualitative study investigated and documented the history of African-American women who served in the position of public superintendent of schools in the state of Missouri. Research on the topic of African-American female superintendents is scarce. This study contributed to the growing body of research focused on the personal stories and experiences of African-American women who served and continue to serve as superintendents. The researcher documented factors and experiences the participants perceived as influential in their ascent to the position. Seven African-American females, either former or current superintendents in the state of Missouri, participated in this study. Personal interviews, along with a semi-structured interview schedule, served as the primary data collection method used to capture data for this study. A Black feminist thought lens was used to examine barriers and experiences of oppression. Findings from this research identified the participants’ various paths to the superintendency, suggested that barriers of race, gender and oppression existed, highlighted perceived accomplishments, provided explanations for why multiple African-American females have served as public school superintendents in the state of Missouri, and proposed recommendations for aspiring African-American females interested in becoming a superintendent.
















Get in where You Fit in


Book Description

Scholars have not added much to the literature with regards to the small numbers of women and people of color in the superintendent's role, particularly in New England. Even though women make up the overwhelming majority of teachers, somehow White males continue to hold the majority of superintendencies. This study is significant because it brings greatly needed attention to the career paths that superintendents take, and why White males and females are more successful in obtaining superintendencies. Through personal and confidential interviews, with semi-structured questions, of 12 White and Black, male and female superintendents, data was collected. The themes that emerged were, "Hookups" "Shot callers," "Schooling," "New Jacks" and "Hustling." These themes spoke to the power of the networks and systems from which Whites continue to benefit. Whites are most likely to be in the position to hire superintendents (school boards, search firms, etc.) and typically hire Whites for these superintendent positions. This information is also valuable to administrators of color, who aspire to become superintendents. Also, I believe this study is of importance to school boards and search firms that seek to sincerely hire from a truly diverse field of applicants. Particularly, this study can help inform potential policy changes to ensure educators who aspire to be superintendents have real opportunities to pursue and obtain those posts.