A Comparison of Athletic Identity and Career Maturity of Female Student-athletes at Different Levels of Competition


Book Description

This study explored the relationship between the athletic identity and career maturity of women's basketball student-athletes. Differences in athletic identity and career maturity were also investigated based on a women's basketball student-athlete's level of competition, race, year in school, socioeconomic status, and professional athletic career aspirations. In order to examine the relationship between these variables, a convenience sample of 209 women's basketball student-athletes from NCAA Division I (n = 62), NCAA Division II (n = 40), NCAA Division III (n = 50), and NAIA (n = 57) institutions located in the southeastern region of the United States participated in the study. Participants completed the Career Maturity Inventory-Revised Attitude Scale, the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale, and a demographic questionnaire. From the analyses, it was found that for women's basketball student-athletes, stronger identification with the athletic role is associated with lower levels of career maturity. It was also found that NCAA Division I student-athletes had significantly higher levels of athletic identity and significantly lower levels of career maturity than Division II student-athletes. Likewise, student-athletes that planned to pursue a professional basketball career (n = 76) displayed significantly higher levels of athletic identity and significantly lower levels of career maturity than those that do not (n = 133). However, study results did not find any statistically significant differences in athletic identity or career maturity based on a women's basketball student-athlete's race, year in school, or socioeconomic status. Future research should explore an interaction of psychological variables that may affect the relationship of athletic identity and career maturity of women's basketball student-athletes as well as investigate the athletic identity and career maturity of female student-athletes from other sports where there is a potential to compete professionally.




An Examination of the Athletic Identity, Identity Foreclosure, and Career Maturity of Division I Collegiate Student-athletes in Nonrevenue-producing Sports


Book Description

Very few student-athletes will go on to become a professional in their sport; therefore, the vast majority will need to pursue a non-sport career once their collegiate athletic eligibility has ended. Research indicates that a strong athletic identity and identity foreclosure coincide with lower levels of career maturity, which contributes to the struggle that student-athletes often face with their post-sport transition. The majority of student-athletes compete in nonrevenue-producing collegiate sports (e.g., cross country and soccer), but this subgroup has not been adequately examined. This is problematic because research suggests that lower career maturity levels exist among student-athletes in both revenue- and nonrevenue-producing sports compared to non-athletes. As such, student-athletes in nonrevenue sports also may face career development and preparation challenges. To examine the relationships among athletic identity, identity foreclosure, and career maturity, the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS), Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status (EOM-EIS), Career Maturity Inventory Form C (CMI-C), and a demographic questionnaire were completed by NCAA Division I student-athletes who were members of 15 different nonrevenue sports. Latent variable regression analysis was used to address the research questions. Athletic identity was found to be a statistically significant, negative predictor of career maturity, whereby career maturity decreased as athletic identity increased, but a similar relationship between identity foreclosure and career maturity was not discovered. However, a positive correlation between athletic identity and identity foreclosure was found, along with an indirect effect of identity foreclosure on career maturity (with athletic identity as the mediating variable). Additionally, gender, year in school, performance level, and expectations of becoming a professional athlete were not found to moderate the relationships between athletic identity and career maturity, and between identity foreclosure and career maturity. Overall, the current study's findings indicate that athletic identity is an important construct to consider in the career development process of nonrevenue-producing sport student-athletes. The study's limitations are discussed, as well as suggestions for future research.




Relations Among Athletic Identity Foreclosure, Career Maturity, and Career Exploration in College Student-athletes


Book Description

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the relationship between athletic identity foreclosure and career development (i.e., career maturity and career exploration) through the use of a sport-specific measure of athletic identity foreclosure. Student-athletes (N = 280) from colleges and universities in the United States provided demographic information and completed the Career Maturity Inventory - Form C, the Career Exploration Survey – Revised, and the Sport-Specific Measure of Identity Foreclosure. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that athletic identity foreclosure was inversely related both to career maturity and career exploration, suggesting that student-athletes who strongly and exclusively commit to their role as athletes fail to explore other non-sport-related career options. Additionally, student-athletes with high levels of athletic identity foreclosure may be less willing and capable of efficiently engaging in vocational tasks than studentathletes who are not in foreclosed in their athletic identity. Limitations of the study, areas for future research, and applied implications are discussed.




The Impact of Athletic Identity, Vocational Identity, and Thriving for Graduating Division III Collegiate Athletes


Book Description

"The current study aimed to measure the impact of athletic identity and vocational identity on Division III student-athlete thriving as they prepare to graduate from college and transition into the workforce. There is a paucity of research on this topic for the Division III student-athlete population as well as for research which evaluates positive psychological outcomes in collegiate student-athletes. This study aimed to fill the gap in the current literature on both counts. Quantitave methodology was used to assess 108 collegiate student-athletes from an NCAA mid- Atlantic Division III sport conference. The Athletic Identity Measurement Scale, the Vocational Identity Measure, and the Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving were used were used to evaluate the relationship of athletic identity, vocational, identity and thriving in this population. Data was analyzed using a stepwise regression model which yielded a moderate, significant, and positive relationship between vocational identity and thriving; removing athletic identity from the model all together. Past research also indicated that gender may play a role in student-athlete career maturity such that females tend to have more career maturity than males (Murphy, Petitpas, & Brewer, 1996); and have lower scores of depression and anxiety (Armstrong & Oomen-Early, 2009). Unlike past research, the current study found no significant gender differences across all variables. A reflection on these findings, implications, future research, and study limitations are discussed. " -- Abstract
















Project S.A.I.D.: Student-Athlete Identity Development


Book Description

ABSTRACTThe collegiate level student-athletes are subjected to a world that is different than other adolescents beginning their university experience. These individuals embark on their college campuses with more than freshman level English and dorm selection as their greatest sources of stress. On the contrary this level of athletics and education is the genesis for many into the world of professional athletics. These young individuals are ushered into a world where balancing the many perils, pitfalls and pleasantries of a college campus are events that could be construed as the makings of a fulltime job ... their sport of choice. The irony of this world is that only a tiny percentage of the student-athletes will make an actual career out of their particular sport, however the training and preparation is the same for all. To top it off, each and every one of the student athletes believes they will be the one to achieve professional status with their talent. American college communities more often than not promote the fact that they are places for adolescents to grow and explore themselves in various ways. Erik Erikson (1982) has determined that the Identity vs. Identity Confusion crisis takes place at this very time and if not successfully resolved one will develop in a psychosocial manner that can impact negatively throughout the rest of one's life. The impasse that the student athlete is faced with is that so much is determined by their performance in their sport rather than their performance as an individual away from their sport. I will focus on the identity development of male and female adolescent collegiate student-athletes and how these two very important components, gender identity and social group identity, interplay in the development of some adolescents and create its own type of identity development completely, Student-Athlete Identity Development (S.A.I.D.) It will be argued that student-athletes, particularly males, have embarked upon this time of exploration in their lives and begin with a foreclosed sense of identity and within months they start to alter their view of self as well as their place within the athletic world.




Athletic Identity


Book Description

The athlete is a mystery to many and the journey athletes encounter involve a number of complex events that over time can lead to unlimited success in and outside of the sporting environment. However being an athlete also brings on complex issues and requires a unique set of personal development services specifically developed and intended for the athlete. Unlike anytime in our sports history, athletes require a specific set of personal development services to assist in their overall personal development. Males as well as female athletes, from a variety of social economic backgrounds are engaging in destructive and at times criminal behavior. Also all athletes will experience a transition from the youth level, collegiate level and if fortunate on the professional level. This book delivers a historical overview, researched based theory and more importantly methods of application specifically targeting the athlete. Athletic Identity: Invincible and Invisible, the Personal Development of the Athlete, is about the journey all athletes face due to their participation in sport. The book examines the role athletic identity plays in an athlete’s personal, social and professional development. The book also introduces unique stages all athletes enter and exit while involved in sports participation. The book is contains years research to provide the necessary curriculum and practical approach needed when providing holistic personal development services for athletes. Keywords: Athletic Identity, Personal, Development Student Athlete Development, Athlete Behavior, Transition