› › A Diffuse Optical Tomography System Combined With X Ray Mammography For Improved Breast Cancer Detection

A Diffuse Optical Tomography System Combined with X-ray Mammography for Improved Breast Cancer Detection

Author : Thomas John Brukilacchio

Publisher :

Page : 440 pages

File Size : 48,16 MB

Release : 2003

Category : Breast

ISBN :

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Book Description

The central thesis of this dissertation states that optical imaging of diffuse tissues must be combined in co-registration with a recognized gold standard of mammographic screening, i.e. X-ray mammography, to gain wide acceptance in the clinical environment. This multi-modality imaging approach promises to overcome the deficiencies of both imaging modalities by drawing on the strengths of each. Functional and structural image contrast would be provided by optical and high-resolution structural contrast by X-ray. Furthermore, the structural information provided by X-ray could be used to improve the optical image reconstruction by providing boundary information and soft constraints for weakly correlated structural contrast. Ultimately, image-processing techniques could be developed to provide the radiologist with a three-dimensional image indicative of both optical and X-ray contrast that would provide much greater information content than either modality alone.



Contrast-Enhanced Mammography

Author : Marc Lobbes

Publisher : Springer

Page : 160 pages

File Size : 33,95 MB

Release : 2019-04-29

Category : Medical

ISBN : 303011063X

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Book Description

This book is a comprehensive guide to contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM), a novel advanced mammography technique using dual-energy mammography in combination with intravenous contrast administration in order to increase the diagnostic performance of digital mammography. Readers will find helpful information on the principles of CEM and indications for the technique. Detailed attention is devoted to image interpretation, with presentation of case examples and highlighting of pitfalls and artifacts. Other topics to be addressed include the establishment of a CEM program, the comparative merits of CEM and MRI, and the roles of CEM in screening populations and monitoring of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. CEM became commercially available in 2011 and is increasingly being used in clinical practice owing to its superiority over full-field digital mammography. This book will be an ideal source of knowledge and guidance for all who wish to start using the technique or to learn more about it.



Physics of Mammographic Imaging

Author : Mia K. Markey

Publisher : CRC Press

Page : 321 pages

File Size : 28,61 MB

Release : 2012-11-09

Category : Science

ISBN : 1439875448

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Book Description

Due to the increasing number of digital mammograms and the advent of new kinds of three-dimensional x-ray and other forms of medical imaging, mammography is undergoing a dramatic change. To meet their responsibilities, medical physicists must constantly renew their knowledge of advances in medical imaging or radiation therapy, and must be prepared to function at the intersection of these two fields. Physics of Mammographic Imaging gives an overview on the current role and future potential of new alternatives to mammography in the context of clinical need, complementary approaches, and ongoing research. This book provides comprehensive coverage on the fundamentals of image formation, image interpretation, analysis, and modeling. It discusses the use of mammographic imaging in the detection, diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring of breast cancer. Expert authors give a balanced summary of core topics such as digital mammography, contrast-enhanced mammography, stereomammography, breast tomosynthesis, and breast CT. The book highlights the use of mammographic imaging with complementary breast imaging modalities such as ultrasound, MRI, and nuclear medicine techniques. It discusses critical issues such as computer-aided diagnosis, perception, and quality assurance. This is an exciting time in the development of medical imaging, with many new technologies poised to make a substantial impact on breast cancer care. This book will help researchers and students get up to speed on crucial developments and contribute to future advances in the field.



A Multimodal Breast Cancer Imaging System Using Coregistered Dynamic Diffuse Optical Tomography and Digital Breast Tomosynthesis

Author : Bernhard B. Zimmermann

Publisher :

Page : 102 pages

File Size : 44,50 MB

Release : 2017

Category :

ISBN :

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Book Description

Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is an emerging noninvasive functional imaging method for breast cancer diagnosis and neoadjuvant chemotherapy monitoring. In particular, the multimodal approach of combining DOT with x-ray digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is especially synergistic as DBT prior information can be used to enhance the DOT reconstruction. DOT, in turn, provides a functional information overlay onto the mammographic images, increasing sensitivity and specificity to cancer pathology. We describe a dynamic DOT apparatus designed for tight integration with commercial DBT scanners and providing a fast (1 Hz+) image acquisition rate to enable tracking of hemodynamic changes induced by the mammographic breast compression. The most significant advance enabling fast acquisition was the design and construction of a direct analog-to-digital conversion frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (FD-NIRS) component. It achieves simultaneous dual wavelength operation at 685 nm and 830 nm by concurrent 67.5 MHz and 75 MHz frequency modulation of each laser source, respectively, followed by digitization using a high-speed analog to digital converter and real-time hybrid FPGA-assisted demodulation by discrete Fourier transform (DFT). The overall DOT system integrates 96 CW-NIRS and 24 FD-NIRS source locations, as well as 32 CW-NIRS and 20 FD-NIRS detection locations into low-profile plates that mate to the DBT compression paddle and x-ray detector cover, respectively. The plates and the embedded optical fibers are made of plastic to minimize x-ray absorption and thus allow true simultaneous acquisition of the DBT image. We first characterize each major system component individually, and then demonstrate overall performance using static and dynamic tissue-like phantoms, as well as in vivo images acquired from the pool of patients recalled for breast biopsies at the Massachusetts General Hospital Breast Imaging Division.



Dual Modality Imaging System for Breast Cancer Research

Author :

Publisher :

Page : 44 pages

File Size : 14,26 MB

Release : 2004

Category :

ISBN :

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Book Description

In the 25-40% of the general female population with radiodense breast parenchyma, clinically occult lesions may be invisible in the screen-film mammogram. Even if suspicious masses are detected, determination of the benign or malignant nature of a mass is often impossible from the x-ray image. There is thus a need for diagnostic procedures that can noninvasively help characterize suspicious breast lesions. Scintimammography is an imaging technique that shows promise as an adjunct diagnostic tool in problem solving mammography, for monitoring recurrence after surgery, and in the assessment of multidrug-resistance. However, because clinical Anger cameras have only moderate spatial resolution and are difficult to position close to the breast, small lesions are difficult to detect. In addition, no direct means exists of correlating mammographic and scintigraphic information because of the significantly different shape of the breast in mammography (compressed) and scintimammography (prone, pendulant). We are developing an imaging system that overcomes these problems by combining digital x-ray mammography and gamma emission scintigraphy in a single, integrated system. The system is mounted on a standard upright mammography unit, and can easily be placed in a typical mammography room, providing accessibility even for small breast imaging clinics not associated with major medical centers.



Digital Mammography

Author : Ulrich Bick

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 222 pages

File Size : 42,13 MB

Release : 2010-03-11

Category : Medical

ISBN : 3540784500

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Book Description

Digital Radiography has been ? rmly established in diagnostic radiology during the last decade. Because of the special requirements of high contrast and spatial resolution needed for roentgen mammography, it took some more time to develop digital m- mography as a routine radiological tool. Recent technological progress in detector and screen design as well as increased ex- rience with computer applications for image processing have now enabled Digital Mammography to become a mature modality that opens new perspectives for the diag- sis of breast diseases. The editors of this timely new volume Prof. Dr. U. Bick and Dr. F. Diekmann, both well-known international leaders in breast imaging, have for many years been very active in the frontiers of theoretical and translational clinical research, needed to bring digital mammography ? nally into the sphere of daily clinical radiology. I am very much indebted to the editors as well as to the other internationally rec- nized experts in the ? eld for their outstanding state of the art contributions to this v- ume. It is indeed an excellent handbook that covers in depth all aspects of Digital Mammography and thus further enriches our book series Medical Radiology. The highly informative text as well as the numerous well-chosen superb illustrations will enable certi? ed radiologists as well as radiologists in training to deepen their knowledge in modern breast imaging.





Diffuse Optical Tomography

Author : Huabei Jiang

Publisher : CRC Press

Page : 366 pages

File Size : 16,62 MB

Release : 2018-09-03

Category : Science

ISBN : 1439847584

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Book Description

Written by an authority involved in the field since its nascent stages, Diffuse Optical Tomography: Principles and Applications is a long-awaited profile of a revolutionary imaging method. Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) provides spatial distributions of intrinsic tissue optical properties or molecular contrast agents through model-based reconstruction algorithms using NIR measurements along or near the boundary of tissue. Despite the practical value of DOT, many engineers from electrical or applied mathematics backgrounds do not have a sufficient understanding of its vast clinical applications and portability value, or its uncommon advantages as a tool for obtaining functional, cellular, and molecular parameters. A collection of the author’s research and experience, this book fuses historical perspective and experiential anecdotes with fundamental principles and vital technical information needed to successfully apply this technology—particularly in medical imaging. This reference finally outlines how to use DOT to create experimental image systems and adapt the results of laboratory studies for use in clinical applications including: Early-stage detection of breast tumors and prostate cancer "Real-time" functional brain imaging Joint imaging to treat progressive diseases such as arthritis Monitoring of tumor response New contrast mechanisms and multimodality methods This book covers almost every aspect of DOT—including reconstruction algorithms based on nonlinear iterative Newton methods, instrumentation and calibration methods in both continuous-wave and frequency domains, and important issues of imaging contrast and spatial resolution. It also addresses phantom experiments and the development of various image-enhancing schemes, and it describes reconstruction methods based on contrast agents and fluorescence DOT. Offering a concise description of the particular problems involved in optical tomography, this reference illustrates DOT’s fundamental foundations and the principle of image reconstruction. It thoroughly explores computational methods, forward mathematical models, and inverse strategies, clearly illustrating solutions to key equations.



Towards Combined X-ray and Optical Mammography

Author : B. D. Price

Publisher :

Page : pages

File Size : 31,49 MB

Release : 2011

Category :

ISBN :

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Book Description

Optical contrast, dependent upon haemodynamics and thus providing physiological information, is complementary to radiographic contrast. Combined x-ray and optical mammography screening could provide increased specificity over either system alone. Medical imaging equipment is routinely characterised and tested using tissue equivalent phantoms. A novel phantom material is presented: a solution of polyvinyl alcohol in ethanol and water freeze-thawed to produce a solid yet elastically compressible gel. The x-ray attenuation, mechanical and optical properties of these gels can be accurately adjusted over appropriate ranges so as to mimic cancerous or healthy breast tissues. Modulated imaging in both optical and x-ray acquisitions is also considered. An x-ray system capable of optimising dose distribution has previously been developed at UCL. Overall images are obtained by aligning multiple images from smaller sensors. The effects that this type of acquisition has on spatial resolution are discussed. Two considerations are made: (i) is there a minimum size sensor whose modulation transfer function (MTF) can accurately be determined? (ii) does the MTF of an overall image differ significantly from those of its constituent images? The smaller a sensor becomes, the harder it is to determine its MTF accurately, and the resolution of overall images is slightly poorer than those of individual sensor images. Nonetheless these effects are small and should not hinder the development of such systems. Whilst similar dose considerations do not apply to optical tomography, modulated imaging still presents potential benefits. A method of visualising intensity data in order to localise regions of heterogenous absorption is presented using both simulated and experimental data. Objective functions designed to quantify the visibility of these heterogeneities are proposed and it is shown that optimal distributions of source power, that maximise these, can be found. It is proposed that such techniques might allow optical acquisitions to be performed more rapidly.



Mammography and Beyond

Author : National Research Council

Publisher : National Academies Press

Page : 311 pages

File Size : 38,16 MB

Release : 2001-08-23

Category : Medical

ISBN : 0309216567

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Book Description

Each year more than 180,000 new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed in women in the U.S. If cancer is detected when small and local, treatment options are less dangerous, intrusive, and costly-and more likely to lead to a cure. Yet those simple facts belie the complexity of developing and disseminating acceptable techniques for breast cancer diagnosis. Even the most exciting new technologies remain clouded with uncertainty. Mammography and Beyond provides a comprehensive and up-to-date perspective on the state of breast cancer screening and diagnosis and recommends steps for developing the most reliable breast cancer detection methods possible. This book reviews the dramatic expansion of breast cancer awareness and screening, examining the capabilities and limitations of current and emerging technologies for breast cancer detection and their effectiveness at actually reducing deaths. The committee discusses issues including national policy toward breast cancer detection, roles of public and private agencies, problems in determining the success of a technique, availability of detection methods to specific populations of women, women's experience during the detection process, cost-benefit analyses, and more. Examining current practices and specifying research and other needs, Mammography and Beyond will be an indispensable resource to policy makers, public health officials, medical practitioners, researchers, women's health advocates, and concerned women and their families.